Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-mwx4w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T08:26:30.572Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Potential Synergistic Effects of Cereal Rye Biomass and Soybean Planting Density on Weed Suppression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew R. Ryan ,
Steven B. Mirsky ,
David A. Mortensen ,
John R. Teasdale  and
William S. Curran
Matthew R. Ryan*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Steven B. Mirsky
Affiliation:
USDA–ARS Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
David A. Mortensen
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
John R. Teasdale
Affiliation:
USDA–ARS Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
William S. Curran
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: matt.ryan@psu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Increasing crop density is a cultural weed management practice that can compliment the use of cover crops for weed suppression. In this research, we created a range of cover crop biomass and soybean densities to assess their weed-suppressive ability alone and in combination. The experiment was conducted in 2008 and 2009 in Maryland and Pennsylvania using five levels of cereal rye residue, representing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the ambient level, and five soybean densities ranging from 0 to 74 seeds m−2. Weed biomass decreased with increasing rye residue and weeds were completely suppressed at levels above 1,500 g m−2. Weed biomass also decreased with increasing soybean density in 2 of 4 site–years. We evaluated weed suppression by fitting an exponential decay model of weed biomass as a function of rye biomass and a hyperbolic model of weed biomass as a function of soybean density at each of the five tactic levels. We multiplied these individual tactic models and included an interaction term to test for tactic interactions. In two of the four site-years, the combination of these tactics produced a synergistic interaction that resulted in greater weed suppression than would be predicted by the efficacy of each tactic alone. Our results indicate that increasing soybean planting rate can compensate for lower cereal rye biomass levels when these tactics are combined.

Keywords

Cereal rye, Secale cereale Lsoybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrCover cropssynergismcultural weed managementorganic
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 238 - 246
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Arce, G. D., Pedersen, P., and Hartzler, R. G. 2009. Soybean seeding rate effects on weed management. Weed Technol. 23:17–22.Google Scholar
Berner, A., Hildermann, I., Fliessbach, A., Pfiffner, L., Niggli, U., and Mader, P. 2008. Crop yield and soil fertility response to reduced tillage under organic management. Soil Tillage Res. 101:89–96.Google Scholar
Choudhary, M. A., Lal, R., and Dick, W. 1997. Long-term tillage effects on runoff and soil erosion under simulated rainfall for a central Ohio soil. Soil Tillage Res. 42:175–184.Google Scholar
Davis, A. 2010. Cover crop roller-crimper contributes to weed management in no-till soybean. Weed Sci. 58:300–309.Google Scholar
Davis, A. S. and Liebman, M. 2003. Cropping system effects on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) demography, I: green manure and tillage timing. Weed Sci. 51:919–929.Google Scholar
De Bruin, J. L. and Pedersen, P. 2008. Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on soybean yield. Agron. J. 100:704–710.Google Scholar
Derpsch, R., Friedrich, T., Kassam, A., and Li, H. 2010. Current status of adoption of no-till farming in the world and some of its main benefits. Int. J. Agri. Biol. Eng. 3:1–25.Google Scholar
Duiker, S. W. and Curran, W. S. 2005. Rye cover crop management for corn production in the northern mid-Atlantic region. Agron. J. 97:1413–1418.Google Scholar
Ellis, S. 2008. Soybean Profitability: Evaluating Different Seed And Herbicide Technology Costs. http://www.farmgate.uiuc.edu/archive/2008/11/soybean_profita.html. Accessed: November 24, 2008.Google Scholar
Fisk, J. W., Hesterman, O. B., Shrestha, A., Kells, J. J., Harwood, R. R., Squire, J. M., and Sheaffer, C. C. 2001. Weed suppression by annual legume cover crops in no-tillage corn. Agron. J. 93:319–325.Google Scholar
Francis, K. 2002. Farm Based Education on Farm Research and Education Research Input Survey. Milheim, PA Pennsylvania Association of Sustainable Agriculture.Google Scholar
Gallagher, R. S., Cardina, J., and Loux, M. 2003. Integration of cover crops with postemergence herbicides in no-till corn and soybean. Weed Sci. 51:995–1001.Google Scholar
Govaerts, B., Fuentes, M., Mezzalama, M., Nicol, J. M., Deckers, J., Etchevers, J. D., Figueroa-Sandoval, B., and Sayre, K. D. 2007. Infiltration, soil moisture, root rot and nematode populations after 12 years of different tillage, residue and crop rotation managements. Soil Tillage Res. 94:209–219.Google Scholar
Harder, D. B., Sprague, C. L., and Renner, K. A. 2007. Effect of soybean row width and population on weeds, crop yield, and economic return. Weed Technol. 21:744–752.Google Scholar
Hock, S. M., Knezevic, S. Z., Martin, R. A., and Lindquist, J. L. 2009. Soybean row spacing and weed emergence time influence weed competitiveness and competitive indices. Weed Sci. 54:38–46.Google Scholar
Hunsberger, L. and Ryan, M. 2010. Impacts of rolled cereal rye seeding rates and fertility effects on weed suppression and community composition. Page 118 in Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Weed Science Society.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. B. and Omland, K. S. 2004. Model selection in ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19:101–108.Google Scholar
Jordan, N. 1993. Prospects for weed-control through crop interference. Ecol. Appl. 3:84–91.Google Scholar
Lal, R. 2009. The plow and agricultural sustainability. J. Sustain. Agric. 33:66–84.Google Scholar
Lal, R., Reicosky, D. L., and Hanson, J. D. 2007. Evolution of the plow over 10,000 years and the rationale for no-till farming. Soil Tillage Res. 93:1–12.Google Scholar
Laska, E. M., Meisner, M., and Siegel, C. 1994. Simple designs and model-free tests for synergy. Biometrics. 50:834–841.Google Scholar
Mirsky, S. B., Curran, W. S., Mortensen, D. A., Ryan, M. R., and Shumway, D. L. 2009. Control of cereal rye with a roller/crimper as influenced by cover crop phenology. Agron. J. 101:1589–1596.Google Scholar
Mischler, R. A., Duiker, S. W., Curran, W. S., and Wilson, D. 2010a. Hairy vetch management for no-till organic corn production. Agron. J. 102:355–362.Google Scholar
Mischler, R. A., Curran, W. S., Duiker, S. W., and Hyde, J. A. 2010b. Use of a rolled-rye cover crop for weed suppression in no-till soybeans. Weed Technol. 24:253–261.Google Scholar
Mohler, C. L. and Teasdale, J. R. 1993. Response of weed emergence to rate of Vicia villosa Roth and Secale cereale L. residue. Weed Res. 33:487–499.Google Scholar
Montgomery, D. R. 2008. Agriculture's no-till revolution? J. Soil Water Conserv. 63:64A–65A.Google Scholar
Morse, P. M. 1978. Some comments on assessment of joint action in herbicide mixtures. Weed Sci. 26:58–71.Google Scholar
Norris, R. F. 2005. Ecological bases of interactions between weeds and organisms in other pest categories. Weed Sci. 53:909–913.Google Scholar
Peigne, J., Ball, B. C., Roger-Estrade, J., and David, C. 2007. Is conservation tillage suitable for organic farming? A review. Soil Use Manag. 23:129–144.Google Scholar
Place, G. T., Reberg-Horton, S. C., Dunphy, J. E., and Smith, A. N. 2009. Seeding rate effects on weed control and yield for organic soybean production. Weed Technol. 23:497–502.Google Scholar
Ryan, M., Duh, S., Wilson, D., and Hepperly, P. 2007. The Skinny on a Big Problem … Weeds. http://newfarm.rodaleinstitute.org/depts/weeds/features/1007/survey.shtml. Accessed: April 17, 2010.Google Scholar
Shearin, A. F., Reberg-Horton, S. C., and Gallandt, E. R. 2008. Cover crop effects on the activity–density of the weed seed predator Harpalus rufipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Weed Sci. 56:442–450.Google Scholar
Snapp, S. S., Swinton, S. M., Labarta, R., Mutch, D., Black, J. R., Leep, R., Nyiraneza, J., and O'Neil, K. 2005. Evaluating cover crops for benefits, costs and performance within cropping system niches. Agron. J. 97:322–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sooby, J., Landeck, J., and Lipson, M. 2007. National organic research agenda. Santa Cruz, CA Organic Farming Research Foundation. 76 p.Google Scholar
Spitters, C. J. T. 1983. An alternative approach to the analysis of mixed cropping experiments. 1. Estimation of competition effects. Netherlands J. Agric. Sci. 31:1–11.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J., Brandsaeter, L. O., Calegari, A., and Skora Neto, F. 2007a. Cover crops and weed management. Pages 49–64 in Upadhyaya, M. K., and Blackshaw, R. E., eds. Non-Chemical Weed Management: Principles, Concepts, and Technology. Wallingford, UK CAB International.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R., Coffman, C. B., and Mangum, R. W. 2007b. Potential long-term benefits of no-tillage and organic cropping systems for grain production and soil improvement. Agron. J. 99:1297–1305.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 1993. Light transmittance, soil–temperature, and soil–moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye. Agron. J. 85:673–680.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 2000. The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci. 48:385–392.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R., Pillai, P., and Collins, R. T. 2005. Synergism between cover crop residue and herbicide activity on emergence and early growth of weeds. Weed Sci. 53:521–527.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Rosecrance, R. C. 2003. Mechanical versus herbicidal strategies for killing a hairy vetch cover crop and controlling weeds in minimum-tillage corn production. American J. Altern. Agric. 18:95–102.Google Scholar
Weiner, J., Griepentrog, H-W., and Kristensen, L. 2001. Suppression of weeds by spring wheat Triticum aestivum increases with crop density and spatial uniformity. J. Appl. Ecol. 38:784–790.Google Scholar
Williams, M. M., Mortensen, D. A., and Doran, J. W. 2000. No-tillage soybean performance in cover crops for weed management in the western corn belt. J. Soil Water Conserv. 55:79–84.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. 2005. Getting Started with Cover Crops. http://newfarm.rodaleinstitute.org/depts/notill/features/cover_print.shtml. Accessed: May 12, 2010.Google Scholar