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Glyphosate Hinders Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Theodore M. Webster ,
Timothy L. Grey ,
Jerry W. Davis  and
A Stanley Culpepper
Theodore M. Webster*
Affiliation:
Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA 31793-0748
Timothy L. Grey
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-0748
Jerry W. Davis
Affiliation:
Experimental Statistics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
A Stanley Culpepper
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-0748
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: ted.webster@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

The phase-out of methyl bromide requires alternative nutsedge management options in vegetable systems. Options that target tuber production, the primary means of reproduction, will be most beneficial. A study was conducted to evaluate the response of purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge foliar growth and tuber production to a range of glyphosate rates. Glyphosate was applied at six rates between 0.41 and 2.57 kg ae ha−1 to 5-wk-old nutsedge plants with multiple shoots. The rate of glyphosate needed to reduce growth 50% (I50) was similar for purple nutsedge foliar growth (0.58 kg ha−1) and tuber biomass (0.55 kg ha−1). In contrast, I50 for yellow nutsedge foliar growth was 0.73 kg ha−1, which was greater than the I50 for tuber biomass (0.41 kg ha−1). First-order tubers, those directly attached to the initial tuber, had an I50 of 0.70 and 0.44 kg ha−1 of glyphosate for purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge tuber biomass, respectively. For all higher-order tubers, I50 values ranged from 0.29 to 0.60 and 0.14 to 0.30 kg ha−1 of glyphosate for purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge tuber biomass, respectively. Glyphosate at 0.74 kg ha−1 prevented fourth-order purple nutsedge and third-order yellow nutsedge tuber production (terminal tubers for yellow nutsedge). Fifth- and sixth-order purple nutsedge tuber production was eliminated by the lowest tested rate of glyphosate (0.41 kg ha−1). Effective nutsedge management options will require consistent control between spring and autumn crops. Glyphosate is economical, poses no herbicide carryover issues to vegetables, and minimizes nutsedge tuber production; therefore, it is a suitable candidate to manage nutsedges.

Keywords

Glyphosatepurple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. CYPROyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPES.Methyl bromide alternativeperennial weedtubervegetable production
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 5 , October 2008 , pp. 735 - 742
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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