Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T10:33:42.810Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of temperature on the germination of common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ramon G. Leon ,
Allen D. Knapp  and
Micheal D. K. Owen
Allen D. Knapp
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Micheal D. K. Owen
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Common waterhemp, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf seed germination in response to temperature was studied with a two-way thermogradient plate. Seeds were maintained under dark and wet conditions at 4 C for 12 wk, and velvetleaf seeds were scarified before the experiments were conducted. The seeds were germinated at 25 different temperature treatments. Minimum and optimum temperatures for velvetleaf germination were approximately 8 and 24 C, respectively. Temperature alternation did not affect the germination of this species. The minimum germination temperature was 10 C for common waterhemp and 14 C for giant foxtail. The optimum germination of giant foxtail occurred at approximately 24 C, but common waterhemp optimum germination was variable depending on temperature alternation. Increased amplitude of the diurnal temperature alternation increased percent germination of these two species, and this was more evident at lower temperatures. In the case of common waterhemp, the temperature required to reach specific germination percentages was reduced by increasing the amplitude of the temperature alternation.

Keywords

Common waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer. synonymous Amaranthus rudis J.D. Sauer. AMATAgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFAvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus. ABUTHGerminationdormancyseedweedtemperature alternationtemperature fluctuation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , February 2004 , pp. 67 - 73
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, CA: Academic. Pp. 27–124, 185–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1990. Role of temperature and light in the germination ecology of buried seeds of Potentilla recta . Ann. Appl. Biol 117:611–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Ghersa, C. M., Sanchez, R. A., and Fernandez, A. E. 1988. The role of fluctuating temperatures in the germination and establishment of Sorghum halepense. Regulation of germination under leaf canopies. Funct. Ecol 2:311–318.Google Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Ghersa, C. M., Sanchez, R. A., and Insausti, P. 1990a. A mathematical model to predict Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. seedling emergence in relation to soil temperature. Weed Res 30:91–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Ghersa, C. M., Sanchez, R. A., and Insausti, P. 1990b. Temperature effects on dormancy release and germination rate in Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. seeds: a quantitative analysis. Weed Res 30:81–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Sanchez, R. A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B. C., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Res 67:105–122.Google Scholar
Boyce, K. G., Cole, D. F., and Chilcote, D. O. 1976. Effect of temperature and dormancy on germination of tall fescue. Crop Sci 16:15–18.Google Scholar
Bradford, K. J. 2002. Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy. Weed Sci 50:248–260.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., and Forcella, F. 1997. Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Sci 45:329–336.Google Scholar
Carberry, P. S. and Campbell, L. C. 1989. Temperature parameters useful for modeling the germination and emergence of pearl millet. Crop Sci 29:220–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardina, J. and Sparrow, D. H. 1997. Temporal changes in velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seed dormancy. Weed Sci 45:61–66.Google Scholar
Colbach, N., Chauvel, B., Durr, C., and Richard, G. 2002. Effect of environmental conditions on Alopecurus myosuroides germination. I. Effect of temperature and light. Weed Res 42:210–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekstam, B. and Forseby, A. 1999. Germination response of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia to diurnal fluctuations in temperature. Seed Sci. Res 9:157–163.Google Scholar
Ekstam, B., Johannesson, R., and Milberg, P. 1999. The effect of light and number of diurnal temperature fluctuations on germination of Phragmites australis . Seed Sci. Res 9:165–170.Google Scholar
Evers, G. W. 1991. Germination response of subterranean, berseem, and rose clovers to alternating temperatures. Agron. J 93:1000–1004.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1993. Seedling emergence model for velvetleaf. Agron. J 85:929–933.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1998. Real-time assessment of seed dormancy and seedling growth for weed management. Seed Sci. Res 8:201–209.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Benech-Arnold, R. L., Sanchez, R., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000. Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Res 67:123–139.Google Scholar
Hartzler, R. D., Buhler, D. D., and Stoltenberg, D. E. 1999. Emergence characteristics of four annual weed species. Weed Sci 47:578–584.Google Scholar
Horowitz, M. and Taylorson, R. B. 1984. Hardseededness and germinability of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) as affected by temperature and moisture. Weed Sci 32:111–115.Google Scholar
Kegode, G. O. and Pearce, R. B. 1998. Influence of environment during maternal plant growth on dormancy of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seed. Weed Sci 46:322–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kegode, G. O., Pearce, R. B., and Bailey, T. B. 1998. Influence of fluctuating temperatures on emergence of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi). Weed Sci 46:330–335.Google Scholar
Knapp, A. 2000. An overview of seed dormancy in native warm-season grasses. Pages 107–123 in Moore, K. J. and Anderson, B. E. eds. Native Warm-season Grasses: Research Trends and Issues. Madison, WI: CSSA.Google Scholar
Lindquist, J. L., Maxwell, B. D., Buhler, D. D., and Gunsolus, J. L. 1995. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) recruitment, survival, seed production, and interference in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci 43:226–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayo, C. M., Horak, M. J., Peterson, D. E., and Boyer, J. E. 1995. Differential control of four Amaranthus species by six postemergence herbicides in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol 9:141–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mester, T. C. and Buhler, D. D. 1991. Effects of soil temperature, seed depth, and cyanazine on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seedling development. Weed Sci 39:204–209.Google Scholar
Moore, D. J. and Fletchall, O. H. 1963. Germination-regulating Mechanisms of Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi). Research Bulletin 829. Columbia, MO: Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. 25 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. P., ed 1985. Handbook on Tetrazolium Testing. 1st ed. Zurich, Switzerland: International Seed Testing Association. Pp. 9–32.Google Scholar
Murdoch, A. J. and Ellis, R. H. 1992. Longevity, viability and dormancy. Pages 193–229 in Fenner, M. ed. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, Great: Britain: CAB International.Google Scholar
Oryokot, J. O. E., Hunt, L. A., Murphy, S., and Swanton, C. J. 1997. Simulation of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) seedling emergence in different systems. Weed Sci 45:684–690.Google Scholar
Pritchard, H. W., Steadman, K. J., Nash, J. V., and Jones, C. 1999. Kinetics of dormancy release and the high temperature germination response in Aesculus hippocastanum seeds. J. Exp. Bot 50:1507–1514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreiber, M. M. 1992. Influence of tillage, crop rotation, and weed management on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) population dynamics and corn yields. Weed Sci 40:645–653.Google Scholar
Stoller, E. W., Harrison, S. K., Wax, L. M., Regnier, E. E., and Nafziger, E. D. 1987. Weed interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Rev. Weed Sci 3:155–181.Google Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. 1982. Anesthetic effects on secondary dormancy and phytochrome responses in Setaria faberi seeds. Plant Physiol 70:882–886.Google Scholar
Thompson, C. R. and Grime, J. P. 1983. A comparative study of germination responses to diurnally-fluctuating temperatures. J. Appl. Ecol 20:141–156.Google Scholar
Thompson, C. R., Grime, J. P., and Mason, G. 1977. Seed germination in response to diurnal fluctuations of temperature. Nature 267:147–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, C. R., Thill, D. C., and Shafii, B. 1994. Germination characteristics of sulfonylurea-resistant and susceptible kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci 42:50–56.Google Scholar
Toole, V. K. and Koch, E. J. 1977. Light and temperature controls of dormancy and germination in bentgrass seeds. Crop Sci 17:806–811.Google Scholar
Van Assche, J. A. and Vanlerberghe, K. A. 1989. The role of temperature on the dormancy cycle of seeds of Rumex obtusifolius L. Funct. Ecol 3:107–116.Google Scholar