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Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) Response to Environmental Resource Availability and Cultural Practices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2019

Jeffrey L. Atkinson Open the ORCID record for Jeffrey L. Atkinson [Opens in a new window] ,
Lambert B. McCarty ,
Fred Yelverton ,
Scott McElroy Open the ORCID record for Scott McElroy [Opens in a new window]  and
William C. Bridges
Jeffrey L. Atkinson
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Clemson, SC, USA
Lambert B. McCarty*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Clemson, SC, USA
Fred Yelverton
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop Science, Raleigh, NC, USA
Scott McElroy
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, AL, USA
William C. Bridges
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson, SC, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Lambert B. McCarty, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634. (Email: bmccrty@clemson.edu)
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Abstract

Susceptibility of a system to colonization by a weed is in part a function of environmental resource availability. Doveweed [Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan] can establish in a variety of environments; however, it is found mostly in wet or low-lying areas with reduced interspecies competition. Four studies evaluated the effect of mowing height, interspecies competition, and nitrogen, light, and soil moisture availability on M. nudiflora establishment and growth. A field study evaluated the effect of mowing height on M. nudiflora establishment. In comparison with unmowed plots, mowing at 2 and 4 cm reduced spread 46% and 30%, respectively, at 9 wk after planting. Effect of mowing height and nitrogen fertilization on ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon Burtt-Davy×C. transvaalensis L. Pers.) and M. nudiflora interspecies competition was evaluated in a greenhouse trial. Murdannia nudiflora coverage was 62% greater in flats maintained at 2.6 cm than flats maintained at 1.3 cm. Supplemental application of 49 kg N ha−1 mo−1 increased M. nudiflora coverage 75% in comparison with 24.5 kg N ha−1 mo−1. A difference in M. nudiflora coverage could not be detected between flats receiving 0 and 24.5 kg N ha−1 mo−1, suggesting moderate nitrogen fertilization does not encourage M. nudiflora colonization. Effect of light availability on M. nudiflora growth and development was evaluated in a greenhouse study. Growth in a 30%, 50%, or 70% reduced light environment (RLE) did not affect shoot growth on a dry weight basis in comparison with plants grown under full irradiance; however, internode length was 28% longer in a 30% RLE and 39% longer in a 50% and 70% RLE. Effect of soil moisture on M. nudiflora growth and development was evaluated in a greenhouse study. Plants maintained at 50%, 75%, and 100% field capacity (FC) increased biomass>200% compared with plants maintained at 12.5% or 25% FC.

Keywords

Ramon G. Leon, North Carolina State UniversityCompetitionenvironmental resource availabilityintraspecies competitioninvasive speciesirrigationmowing heightnitrogenshade
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 214 - 220
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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