Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-12T15:24:51.041Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed Control and Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) Response in a No-till System with Cover Crops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Nilda R. Burgos  and
Ronald E. Talbert
Nilda R. Burgos
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Ark., Fayetteville, AR 72701
Ronald E. Talbert
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Ark., Fayetteville, AR 72701
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Studies were conducted at the Main Agricultural Experiment Station in Fayetteville and the Vegetable Substation in Kibler, Arkansas, in 1992 and 1993 on the same plots to evaluate weed suppression by winter cover crops alone or in combination with reduced herbicide rates in no-till sweet corn and to evaluate cover crop effects on growth and yield of sweet corn. Plots seeded to rye plus hairy vetch, rye, or wheat had at least 50% fewer early season weeds than hairy vetch alone or no cover crop. None of the cover crops reduced population of yellow nutsedge. Without herbicides, hairy vetch did not suppress weeds 8 wk after cover crop desiccation. Half rates of atrazine and metolachlor (1.1 + 1.1 kg ai ha−1) reduced total weed density more effectively in no cover crop than in hairy vetch. Half rates of atrazine and metolachlor controlled redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and goosegrass regardless of cover crop. Full rates of atrazine and metolachlor (2.2 + 2.2 kg ai ha−1) were needed to control large crabgrass in hairy vetch. Control of yellow nutsedge in hairy vetch was marginal even with full herbicide rates. Yellow nutsedge population increased and control with herbicides declined the second year, particularly with half rates of atrazine and metolachlor. All cover crops except hairy vetch alone reduced emergence, height, and yield of sweet corn. Sweet corn yields from half rates of atrazine and metolachlor equalled the full rates regardless of cover crops.

Keywords

Atrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diaminemetolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamideyellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) ♯ CYPESredroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) ♯ AMARElarge crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop.) ♯ DIGSAgoosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.) ♯ ELEINPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats) ♯ AMAPAsweet corn, (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.)rye (Secale cereale L.)wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.)Allelopathyconservation tillagereduced herbicide ratesAMAPAAMARECYPESDIGSAELEIN
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 2 , June 1996 , pp. 355 - 361
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Barnes, J. P. and Putnam, A. R. 1986. Evidence of allelopathy by residues and aqueous extracts of rye (Secale cereale L.). Weed Sci. 34: 384–390.Google Scholar
2. Barnes, J. P., Putnam, A. R., and Burke, B. A. 1986. Allelopathic activity of rye (Secale cereale L.). Pages 271–286 in Putnam, A. R. & Tang, A.S., eds. The Science of Allelopathy. John, Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, USA.Google Scholar
3. Beste, C. E. and Teasdale, J. R. 1991. Subterranean clover and vetch mulches for zucchini squash and sweet corn. Proc. Northeast Weed Sci. Soc. 45: 110.Google Scholar
4. Bradow, J. M. and Connick, W. J. Jr. 1990. Volatile seed germination inhibitors from plant residues. J. Chem. Ecol. 16: 645–666.Google Scholar
5. Brown, R. E., Varvel, G. E., and Shapiro, C. A. 1993. Residual effects of interseeded hairy vetch on nitrate-nitrogen levels. Soil Sci. Amer. J. 57: 121–124.Google Scholar
6. Buhler, D. D. and Oplinger, E. S. 1990. Influence of tillage systems on annual weed densities and control in solid-seeded soybeans. Weed Sci. 38: 158–647.Google Scholar
7. Dyck, E. and Liebman, M. 1993. Cover crops and crop rotation: weed and nutrient management. Pages 73–76 in Proc. 1993 NY State Veg. Conf., Syracuse. Cornell Univ. Coop. Ext., Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
8. Fisher, N. M. and Davies, D. H. K. 1991. Effectiveness of sown covers for the management of weeds in set-aside fallows: the bush trials. Proc. of the Brighton Crop Prot. Conf. Weeds 1: 387–394.Google Scholar
9. Hoffman, M. L., Regneir, E. E., and Cardinas, J. 1993. Weed and corn (Zea mays) responses to a hairy vetch cover crop. Weed Technol. 7: 594–599.Google Scholar
10. Ilnicki, R. D. and Enache, A. J. 1992. Subterranean clover living mulch: an alternative method of weed control. Agric., Econ. and Environ. 40: 249–264.Google Scholar
11. Johnson, G. A., DeFelice, M. S., and Helsel, Z. R. 1993. Cover crop management and weed control in corn. Weed Technol. 7: 425–430.Google Scholar
12. Lewis, W. M. 1985. Weed control in reduced tillage soybean production. Pages 41–49 in Wiese, A. F., ed. Weed Control in Limited Tillage Systems. Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. Champaign, IL.Google Scholar
13. Liebl, R. A., Williams, F. W., Wax, L. M., and Stoller, E. W. 1992. Effect of rye (Secale cereale) mulch on weed control and soil moisture in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6: 838–846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Liebl, R. A. and Worsham, A. D. 1982. Allelopathic suppression of broadleaf weeds in no-till cropping systems. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 35: 316.Google Scholar
15. Liebl, R. A. and Worsham, A. D. 1983. Inhibition of pitted morningglory and certain other weed species by phytotoxic components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw. J. Chem. Ecol. 9: 1027–1043.Google Scholar
16. Millhollon, E. P. and Melville, D. R. 1991. The long-term effects of winter cover crops on cotton production in Northwest Louisiana. Bull. Louisiana Agric. Exp. Sta. No. 830. 35 pp.Google Scholar
17. Mohler, C. L. and Calloway, M. B. 1992. Effects of tillage and mulch on the emergence and survival of weeds in sweet corn. J. App. Ecol. 29: 21–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Myers, J. L. and Wagger, M. G. 1991. Reseeding crimson clover as a cover crop for no-tillage corn. Agron. J. 83: 985–991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Roberts, B. W. and Cartwright, B. 1991. Sweet corn yield and insect damage as affected by cover crops and nitrogen. HortSci. 26: 489.Google Scholar
20. Shilling, D. G., Liebl, R. A., and Worsham, A. D. 1985. Rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch: the suppression of certain broadleaved weeds and the isolation and identification of phytotoxins. Pages 243–271 in Thompson, A. C., ed. The Chemistry of Allelopathy.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Sojka, R. E., Karlen, D. L., and Busscher, W. J. 1991. A conservation tillage research update from the Coastal Plain Soil and Water Conservation Research Center of South Carolina: a review of previous research. Soil and Tillage Res. 21: 361–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Teasdale, J. R. 1993. Interaction of light, soil moisture and temperature with weed suppression by hairy vetch residue. Weed Sci. 41: 46–51.Google Scholar
23. Tollenaar, M., Mihajlovic, M., and Vyn, T. J. 1993. Corn growth following cover crops: influence of cereal cultivar, cereal removal and nitrogen rate. Agron. J. 85: 251–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Wallace, R. W. and Bellinder, R. R. 1992. Alternative tillage and herbicide options for successful weed control in vegetables. HortSci. 27: 745–749.Google Scholar
25. White, R. H., Worsham, A. D., and Blum, U. 1989. Allelopathic potential of legume debris and aqueous extracts. Weed Sci. 37: 674–679.Google Scholar
26. Yenish, J. P., Worsham, A. D., and Chilton, W. S. 1995. Disappearance of DIBOA-glucoside, DIBOA, and BOA from rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop residues. Weed Sci. 43: 18–20.Google Scholar