Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T01:25:32.160Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Visual evoked potentials for reversals of red–green gratings with different chromatic contrasts: Asymmetries with respect to isoluminance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2006

INGER RUDVIN
INGER RUDVIN
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Section of Biophysics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Human visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded for abrupt 6.25-Hz reversals of 2 c/deg square-wave gratings combining red–green contrast with different levels of luminance contrast. Response characteristics— amplitudes and peak latencies as a function of luminance contrast—were compared for four different pairs of red–green colors and an isochromatic yellow grating. For each of the red–green color pairs, the plots of VEP amplitudes and latencies were nonsymmetrical with respect to isoluminance. The amplitude dropped to a minimum within a region of rapid phase change, at a different contrast for each color pair but always at a luminance contrast for which the greener color had the higher luminance. When the contrast-response curve for each of the four red–green pairs was modeled by a simple |CL − CM| opponency of L- and M-cone contrast using a fixed CL/CM weighting ratio of about two, there was a close correspondence between the contrast giving a null in the modeled response and that giving a minimum in the VEP amplitude. So for the stimulus parameters applied here, the reversal VEP appeared to be dominated by L/M-opponent response contributions for which the signed CL/CM-cone weighting ratio was close to a value of minus two rather than to a value of minus one, which is characteristic of the psychophysical red–green detection mechanism and representative of CL/CM weighting ratios for precortical cells in the parvocellular pathway.

Keywords

Pattern reversal VEPsMagno/parvoChromatic contrastLuminance contrastAmplitude asymmetry
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 22 , Issue 6 , November 2005 , pp. 749 - 758
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bach, M. & Gerling, J. (1992). Retinal and cortical activity in human subjects during color flicker fusion. Vision Research 32, 1219–1223.Google Scholar
Bair, W., Cavanaugh, J.R., Smith, M.A., & Movshon, J.A. (2002). The timing of response onset and offset in macaque visual neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 22, 3189–3205.Google Scholar
Cottaris, N.P. & De Valois, R.L. (1998). Temporal dynamics of chromatic tuning in macaque primary visual cortex. Nature 395, 896–900.Google Scholar
Derrington, A.M. & Lennie, P. (1984). Spatial and temporal contrast sensitivities of neurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. Journal of Physiology (London) 357, 219–240.Google Scholar
Ellemberg, D., Hammarrenger, B., Lepore, F., Roy, M.S., & Guillemot, J.P. (2001). Contrast dependency of VEPs as a function of spatial frequency: The parvocellular and magnocellular contributions to human VEPs. Spatial Vision 15, 99–111.Google Scholar
Fiorentini, A., Burr, D.C., & Morrone, C.M. (1991). Spatial and temporal characteristics of color vision: VEP and psychophysical measurements. In From Pigments to Perception: Advances in Understanding the Visual Process, ed. Valberg, A. & Lee, B.B., pp. 139–149. New York: Plenum Press.
Girard, P. & Morrone, M.C. (1995). Spatial structure of chromatically opponent receptive fields in the human visual system. Visual Neuroscience 12, 103–116.Google Scholar
Johnson, E.N., Hawken, M.J., & Shapley, R. (2001). The spatial transformation of color in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey. Nature Neuroscience 4, 409–416.Google Scholar
Johnson, E.N., Hawken, M.J., & Shapley, R. (2004). Cone inputs in macaque primary visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 91, 2501–2514.Google Scholar
Kulikowski, J.J. (1991). On the nature of visual evoked potentials, unit responses and psychophysics. In From Pigments to Perception: Advances in Understanding the Visual Process, ed. Valberg, A. & Lee, B.B., pp. 197–209. New York: Plenum Press.
Kulikowski, J.J., Murray, I.J., & Russell, M.H.A. (1991). Effect of stimulus size on chromatic and achromatic VEPs. In Colour Vision Deficiencies X, ed. Drum, B., Moreland, J.D. & Serra, A., pp. 51–56. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Lee, B.B., Valberg, A., Tigwell, D.A., & Tryti, J. (1987). An account of spectrally opponent neurons in macaque lateral geniculate nucleus to successive contrast. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 230, 293–314.Google Scholar
Lennie, P., Krauskopf, J., & Sclar, G. (1990). Chromatic mechanisms in striate cortex of macaque. Journal of Neuroscience 10, 649–669.Google Scholar
McKeefry, D.J., Russell, M.H.A., Murray, I.J., & Kulikowski, J.J. (1996). Amplitude and phase variations of harmonic components in human achromatic and chromatic visual evoked potentials. Visual Neuroscience 13, 639–653.Google Scholar
Morrone, C.M., Burr, D.C., & Fiorentini, A. (1993). Development of infant contrast sensitivity to chromatic stimuli. Vision Research 33, 2535–2552.Google Scholar
Mullen, K.T. (1985). The contrast sensitivity of human colour vision to red–green and blue-yellow chromatic gratings. Journal of Physiology (London) 359, 381–400.Google Scholar
Nakayama, K. & Mackeben, M. (1982). Steady state visual evoked potentials in the alert primate. Vision Research 22, 1261–1271.Google Scholar
Regan, D. (1973). Evoked potentials specific to spatial patterns of luminance and colour. Vision Research 13, 2381–2402.Google Scholar
Reid, R.C. & Shapley, R.M. (2002). Space and time maps of cone photoreceptor signals in macaque lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience 22, 6158–6175.Google Scholar
Rudvin, I. (2002). Red–green luminance asymmetry in pattern reversal VEP. Abstract book for the 40th symposium of The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision, P115.
Rudvin, I. (2003). VEPs to red–green reversing gratings for a range of temporal frequencies and chromatic contrasts; amplitude and phase asymmetries with respect to isoluminance. Oral presentation at Symposium for Janus Kulikowski, Limits of Vision—Space, Time and Colour. Manchester, September 8 & 9.
Rudvin, I. & Valberg, A. (2005). Visual evoked potentials for red–green gratings reversing at different temporal frequencies: Asymmetries with respect to isoluminance. Visual Neuroscience 22, 735–747.Google Scholar
Sankeralli, M.J. & Mullen, K.T. (1996). Estimation of the L, M-, and S-cone weights of the postreceptoral detection mechanisms. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 13, 906–915.Google Scholar
Smith, V.C. & Pokorny, J. (1975). Spectral sensitivity of the foveal cone photopigments between 400 and 500 nm. Vision Research 15, 161–171.Google Scholar
Solomon, S.G., Peirce, J.W., & Lennie, P. (2004). The impact of suppressive surrounds on chromatic properties of cortical neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 24, 148–160.Google Scholar
Valberg, A., Lee, B.B., & Tryti, J. (1987). Simulation of responses of spectrally opponent neurones in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus to chromatic and achromatic light stimuli. Vision Research 27, 867–882.Google Scholar