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Multiple pathways of inhibition shape bipolar cell responses in the retina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2010

ERIKA D. EGGERS  and
PETER D. LUKASIEWICZ
ERIKA D. EGGERS*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
PETER D. LUKASIEWICZ
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
*
*Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Erika D. Eggers, Department of Physiology, P.O. Box 245051, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724. E-mail: eeggers@u.arizona.edu
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Abstract

Bipolar cells (BCs) are critical relay neurons in the retina that are organized into parallel signaling pathways. The three main signaling pathways in the mammalian retina are the rod, ON cone, and OFF cone BCs. Rod BCs mediate incrementing dim light signals from rods, and ON cone and OFF cone BCs mediate incrementing and decrementing brighter light signals from cones, respectively. The outputs of BCs are shaped by inhibitory inputs from GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer, mediated by three distinct types of inhibitory receptors: GABAA, GABAC, and glycine receptors. The three main BC pathways receive distinct forms of inhibition from these three receptors that shape their light-evoked inhibitory signals. Rod BC inhibition is dominated by slow GABAC receptor inhibition, while OFF cone BCs are dominated by glycinergic inhibition. The inhibitory inputs to BCs are also shaped by serial inhibitory connections between GABAergic amacrine cells that limit the spatial profile of BC inhibition. We discuss our recent studies on how inhibitory inputs to BCs are shaped by receptor expression, receptor properties, and neurotransmitter release properties and how these affect the output of BCs.

Keywords

GABAGlycineLightGABAA receptorGABAC receptorglycine receptorpatch-clamp
Type
Review Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , January 2011 , pp. 95 - 108
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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