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Long-term cellular and regional specificity of the photoreceptor toxin, iodoacetic acid (IAA), in the rabbit retina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2008

LI LIANG ,
YOSHIAKI KATAGIRI ,
LUISA M. FRANCO ,
YASUYUKI YAMAUCHI ,
VOLKER ENZMANN ,
HENRY J. KAPLAN  and
JULIE H. SANDELL
LI LIANG
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
YOSHIAKI KATAGIRI
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
LUISA M. FRANCO
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
YASUYUKI YAMAUCHI
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
VOLKER ENZMANN
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
HENRY J. KAPLAN
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
JULIE H. SANDELL*
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Julie H. Sandell, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Room R-1014, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail: jsandell@bu.edu
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Abstract

This study investigated the anatomical consequences of a photoreceptor toxin, iodoacetic acid (IAA), in the rabbit retina. Retinae were examined 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months after systemic IAA injection. The retinae were processed using standard histological methods to assess the gross morphology and topographical distribution of damage, and by immunohistochemistry to examine specific cell populations in the retina. Degeneration was restricted to the photoreceptors and was most common in the ventral retina and visual streak. In damaged regions, the outer nuclear layer was reduced in thickness or eliminated entirely, with a concomitant loss of immunoreactivity for rhodopsin. However, the magnitude of the effect varied between animals with the same IAA dose and survival time, suggesting individual differences in the bioavailability of the toxin. In all eyes, the inner retina remained intact, as judged by the thickness of the inner nuclear layer, and by the pattern of immunoreactivity for protein kinase C-α (rod bipolar cells) and calbindin D-28 (horizontal cells). Müller cell stalks became immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) even in IAA-treated retinae that had no signs of cell loss, indicating a response of the retina to the toxin. However, no marked hypertrophy or proliferation of Müller cells was observed with either GFAP or vimentin immunohistochemistry. Thus the selective, long lasting damage to the photoreceptors produced by this toxin did not lead to a reorganization of the surviving cells, at least with survival as long as 6 months, in contrast to the remodeling of the inner retina that is observed in inherited retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa and retinal injuries such as retinal detachment.

Keywords

RetinaRetinal degenerationBipolar cellsRetinal injuryRetinitis pigmentosa
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , March 2008 , pp. 167 - 177
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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