Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T12:03:01.126Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Identification of a G-protein in depolarizing rod bipolar cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Noga Vardi ,
Diane F. Matesic ,
David R. Manning ,
Paul A. Liebman  and
Peter Sterling
Noga Vardi
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Diane F. Matesic
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics/Human Development, B240 Life Sciences, Michigan State University, E. Lansing
David R. Manning
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Paul A. Liebman
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Peter Sterling
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to depolarizing bipolar cells is mediated by the APB glutamate receptor. This receptor apparently is coupled to a G-protein which activates cGMP-phosphodiesterase to modulate cGMP levels and thus a cGMP-gated cation channel. We attempted to localize this system immunocytochemically using antibodies to various components of the rod phototransduction cascade, including Gt (transducin), phosphodiesterase, the cGMP-gated channel, and arrestin. All of these antibodies reacted strongly with rods, but none reacted with bipolar cells. Antibodies to a different G-protein, Go, reacted strongly with rod bipolar cells of three mammalian species (which are depolarizing and APB-sensitive). Also stained were subpopulations of cone bipolar cells but not the major depolarizing type in cat (b1). Go antibody also stained certain salamander bipolar cells. Thus, across a wide range of species, Go is present in retinal bipolar cells, and at least some of these are depolarizing and APB-sensitive.

Keywords

PhosphodiesterasecGMP-gated channelTransducinArrestinG-proteinRetinaRod bipolar
Type
Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , May 1993 , pp. 473 - 478
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bourne, H.R., Sanders, D.A. & McCormick, F. (1991). The GTPase superfamily: Conserved structure and molecular mechanism. Nature 349, 117–127.Google Scholar
Boycott, B.B. & Dowling, J.E. (1969). Organization of the primate retina: Light microscopy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (London) 255(799), 109–184.Google Scholar
Cajal, S.R. (1972). The Structure of the Retina. Compiled and translated by Thorpe, S.A. & Glickstein, M.Springfield, Illinois: Thomas Press.Google Scholar
Carlson, K.E., Brass, L.F. & Manning, D.R. (1989). Thrombin and phorbol esters cause the selective phosphorylation of a G-protein other than Gi in human platelets. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 13298–13305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chun, M.-H. & Wässle, H. (1989). GABA-like immunoreactivity in the cat retina: Electron microscopy. Journal of Comparative Neurology 279, 55–67.Google Scholar
Cohen, E. & Sterling, P. (1990). Demonstration of cell types among cone bipolar neurons of cat retina. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (London) 330, 305–321.Google Scholar
Freed, M.A., Smith, R.G. & Sterling, P. (1987). The rod bipolar array in the cat retina: Pattern of input from rods and GABA-accumulating amacrine cells. Journal of Comparative Neurology 266, 445–455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greferath, U., Grünert, U. & Wässle, H. (1990). Rod bipolar cells in the mammalian retina show protein kinase C-like immunoreactivity. Journal of Comparative Neurology 301, 433–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grünert, U. & Martin, P.R. (1991). Rod bipolar cells in the macaque monkey retina: Immunoreactivity and connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience 11, 2742–2758.Google Scholar
Hinton, D.R., Blanks, J.C., Fong, H.K.W., Casey, P.J., Hildebrandt, E. & Simons, M.I. (1990). Novel localization of a G-protein, Gz-α, in neurons of brain and retina. Journal of Neuroscience 10(8), 2763–2770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirano, A.A. & MacLeish, P.R. (1991). Glutamate and 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate evoke an increase in potassium conductance in retinal bipolar cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 88, 805–809.Google Scholar
Lad, R.P., Simons, C., Gierschick, P., Milligan, G., Woodard, C., Griffo, M., Goldsmith, P., Ornberg, R., Gerfen, C.R. & Spiegel, A. (1987). Differential distribution of signal-transducing G-proteins in retina. Brain Research 423, 237–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Law, S.F., Manning, D. & Reisine, T. (1991). Identification of subunits of GTP binding proteins coupled to somatostatin receptors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 17885–17897.Google Scholar
Lohse, M.J., Benovic, J.L., Codina, J., Caron, M.G. & Lefkowitz, R.J. (1990). Beta-arrestin: A protein that regulates beta-adrenergic receptor function. Science 248, 1547–1550.Google Scholar
Molday, L.L, Cooks, N.J., Kaupp, U.B. & Molday, R.S. (1990). The cGMP-gated cation channel of bovine rod photoreceptor cells is associated with a 240-kDa protein exhibiting immunochemical cross-reactivity with spectrin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265(30), 18690–18695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nawy, S. & Jahr, C.E. (1990). Suppression by glutamate of cGMP-activated conductance in retinal bipolar cells. Nature 346, 269–271.Google Scholar
Nawy, S. & Jahr, C.E. (1991). cGMP-gated conductance in retinal bipolar cells is suppressed by the photoreceptor transmitter. Neuron 7, 677–683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Negishi, K., Kato, S. & Teranishi, T. (1988). Dopamine cells and rod bipolar cells contain protein kinase C-like immunoreactivity in some vertebrate retinas. Neuroscience Letters 108, 279–283.Google Scholar
Nelson, R. & Kolb, H. (1983). Synaptic patterns and response properties of bipolar and ganglion cells in the cat retina. Vision Research 23, 1183–1195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peng, Y.-W., Sharp, A.H., Snyder, S.H. & Yau, K.-W. (1991). Localization of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in synaptic terminals in the vertebrate retina. Neuron 6, 525–531.Google Scholar
Polyak, S.L. (1941). The Retina. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Pourcho, R.G. & Owczarzak, M.T. (1989). Distribution of GABA immunoreactivity in the cat retina: A light- and electron-microscopic study. Visual Neuroscience 2, 425–435.Google Scholar
Shiells, R.A., Falk, G. & Naghshineh, S. (1981). Action of glutamate and aspartate analogues on rod horizontal and bipolar cells. Nature 294, 592–594.Google Scholar
Shiells, R.A. & Falk, G. (1990). Glutamate receptors of rod bipolar cells are linked to a cyclic GMP cascade via a G-protein. Proceedings of the Royal Society B (London) 242, 91–94.Google ScholarPubMed
Shiells, R.A. & Falk, G. (1992). The glutamate-receptor linked cGMP cascade of retinal on bipolar cells is pertussis and cholera sensitive. Proceedings of the Royal Society B (London) 247, 17–20.Google ScholarPubMed
Slaughter, M.M. & Miller, R.F. (1981). 2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: A new pharmacological tool for retinal research. Science 211, 182–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterling, P., Freed, M.A. & Smith, R.G. (1988). Architecture of rod and cone circuits to the ON-beta ganglion cell. Journal of Neuroscience 8, 623–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterling, P. (1990). The retina. In Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed. Shepherd, G., pp. 184–213. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Takemoto, D.J., Hurt, D., Oppert, B. & Cunnick, J. (1992). Domain mapping of the retinal cyclic GMP PDE γ-subunit. Biochemical Journal 281, 637–643.Google Scholar
Terashima, T, Katada, T., Oinuma, M., Inoue, Y. & Ui, M. (1987 a). Immunohistochemical localization of guanine nucleotide-binding protein in rat retina. Brain Research 410, 97–100.Google Scholar
Terashima, T, Katada, T., Okada, E., Ui, M. & Inoue, Y. (1987 b). Light microscopy of GTP-binding protein (Go) immunoreactivity with in the retina of different vertebrates. Brain Research 436, 384–389.Google Scholar
Wässle, H., Grünert, U., Cook, N. & Molday, R. (1992). The cGMP-gated channel of rod outer segments is not localized in bipolar cells of the mammalian retina. Neuroscience Letters 134, 199–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worley, P.F., Baraban, J.M., Van Dop, C., Neer, E.J. & Snyder, S.H. (1986). Go, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein: Immunohistochemical localization in rat brain resembles distribution of second-messenger systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 83, 4561–4565.Google Scholar
Yamashita, M. & Wässle, H. (1991). Responses of rod bipolar cells isolated from the rat retina to the glutamate agonist 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB). Journal of Neuroscience 11(8), 2372–2382.Google Scholar