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⁴⁰ A great deal of the high levels of mobility in Victorian Britain was of short range, and it has been suggested that it might therefore not be inimical to neighbourhood solidarity. This is a debatable point, and at the very least it is likely that it made it more difficult to know where to find people, even if they had not moved far away.

⁴¹ Preston may well have been exceptional here, since the very high profile of the Catholic Church was virtually unparalleled. However, it would be unwise to assume that the churches were declining in importance in other cities without more detailed research.

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