Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T22:19:09.591Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

9. The Outer Galactic Environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2021

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

One of the highlights of the study of the galactic environment is the demonstration that companions and hydrogen clouds surrounding our Galaxy form a ring-like structure similar to that surrounding external polar-ring galaxies. Probably this feature is common in giant galaxies. Dwarf galaxies may possess their own dark coronas, which fact, if confirmed, puts severe constraints on the nature of dark matter. Available evidence confirms earlier suggestions that our Galaxy with its massive corona, companions, and surrounding gas forms a single system with many mutual interactions. Most companions of our Galaxy as well as the main hydrogen streams are located in a narrow strip inclined 70° to the galactic plane.

Type
Research Article
Information
Transactions of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , 1988 , pp. 396 - 404
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1988 

References

Athanassoula, E., Bosma, A., and Papaioannou, S., 1987, Astron. Astrophys., 179, 23 Google Scholar
Audouze, J., Schaeffer, R., and Silk, J., 1985, in: 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol. 8, HE session: High Energy phenomena, ed. Jones, F.C., Adams, G.M. Mason, NASA Conf. Publ., NASA CP 2376, pp. 290 Google Scholar
Bahcall, J.N., 1986, in: Astrophysics of brown dwarfs, ed. Kafatos, M.C., Harrington, R.S., Maran, S.P., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-London-New York-New Rochelle-Melbourne-Sydney, pp. 233 Google Scholar
Bahcall, J.N. and Casertano, S., 1985, Astrophys. J. Lett., 293, L7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carignan, C. and Freeman, K.C., 1985, Astrophys. J., 294, 494 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carney, B. W., 1984, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac, 96, 841 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, B. J., 1985, in: Observational and theoretical aspects of relativistic astrophysics and cosmology, ed. Sans, J.L., Goicoechea, L.J., World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, pp. 1. (Proc. international course).Google Scholar
Chau, W. Y. and Stone, J. M., 1985, Astrophys. J., 29T, 76 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ching, C.R. and Ho, T.H., 1984, Phys. Rep. 112, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comte, G., 1985, in: Serendipitous discoveries in radio astronomy, ed. Kellermann, K., Sheets, B., National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank, pp. 169. (Proc. NRAO Workshop No. 7).Google Scholar
Cowsik, R., 1986, J. Astrophys. Astron., 7, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowsik, R. and Ghosh, P., 1986, J. Astrophys. Astron., 7, 7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowsik, R. and Vasanthi, M., 1986, J. Astrophys. Astron., 7, 29 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cremonesi, O., 1986, in: Cosmology, astronomy and fundamental physics, ed. Setti, G., Van Hove, L., pp. 265. (ESO Conf. Workshop Proc, No 23, Proc. Second ESO-CERN Symp.)Google Scholar
Datta, B., Sivaram, C., and Ghosh, S. K., 1985, Astrophys. Space Sci., 111, 413 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, R. D., 1984a, in: Large-scale structure of the universe, cosmology and fundamental physics, ed. Setti, G., Van Hove, L., ESO, Garching bei Munchen, pp. 206. (Proc. First ESO-CERN Symp.)Google Scholar
Drukier, A. K., Freese, K., and Spergel, D. N., 1986, Phys. Rev. D, 38, 3495 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einasto, J., Kaasik, A., and Saar, E., 1974, Nature, 250, 309 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabian, A. C., Thomas, P. A., Fall, S. M., and White III, R. E., 1986, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 221, 1049 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fang, L. Z. and Gao, J. G., 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 139B, 351 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farouki, R., Shapiro, S. L., and Wasserman, I., 1984, Astrophys. J., 284, 282 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, R. A., Blumenthal, G. R., Dekel, A., and Primack, J. R., 1986, Nature, 323, 781 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, K. C., 1986, in: Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting of the IAU. Part 1, ed. Kitamura, M., Budding, E., pp. 337. (Astrophys. Space Sci., 118, No. 1/2).Google Scholar
Freese, K., 1986, Phys. Lett. B, 167B, 295 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frenk, C. and White, S., 1985, Nature, 317, 670 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukugita, M. and Yanagida, T., 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 144B, 386 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galeotti, P. and Gallino, R., 1985, G. Fis., 26, 25 (In Italian) Gallagher, J. S. III, 1986, in: Inner space / outer space. The interface between cosmology and particle physics, ed. Kolb, E. W., Turner, M. S., Lindley, D., Olive, K., Seckel, D., The University of Chicago Press, Chicago-London, pp. 199.Google Scholar
Goldman, I., 1986, Astron. Astrophys., 170, L1 Google Scholar
Goodman, M. W. and Witten, E., 1985, Phys. Rev. D, 31, 3059 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grifols, J. A., Mendes, A., and Ruiz-Altaba, M., 1986, Phys. Lett. B, 171, 303 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunn, J. E., 1974, Comments Astrophys. Space Phys., 6, 7 Google Scholar
Gurzadyan, V. G., 1986, Astron. Zh., Tom 63, Vyp., 4, 812 (In Russian)Google Scholar
Hawkins, M. R. S., 1986, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc, 223, 845 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hegyi, D. J. and Olive, K. A., 1986, Astrophys. J., 308, 56 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernquist, L. and Qninn, P. J., 1987a, Astrophys. J., 312, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernquist, L. and Quinn, P. J., 1987b, Astrophys. J., 312, 17 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hills, J. G., 1986, Astron. J., 92, 595 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, T.H., 1984, in: Flavor mixing in weak interactions, ed. Chau, L.L., Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, USA, pp. 163. (Proc. Europhysics Topical Conference).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W., Xu, C., Qing, C., and He, Z., 1983, in: High energy astrophysics and cosmology, ed. Yang, J., Zhu, C., Science Press, Beijing, and Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc., New York-London Paris-Montreux-Tokyo, pp. 467.Google Scholar
Kahn, F. D. and Woltjer, L., 1959, Astrophys. J., 130, 705 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamahori, H. and Fujimoto, M., 1986, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn., 38, 151 Google Scholar
Kent, S. M., 1986, Astron. J., 91, 1301 Google Scholar
Kolb, E. W., Olive, K. A., and Vittorio, N., 1986, Phys. Rev. D, 34, 940 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krauss, L. M., 1985, Gen. Relativ. Gravitation, 17, 89 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krausa, L. M., Guth, A. H., Spergel, D. N., Field, G. B., and Press, W. H., 1986a, Nature, 319, 748 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krauss, L. M., Srednicki, M., and Wilcsek, F., 1986b, Phys. Rev. D, 33, 2079 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, J. R. and Kruglyak, L., 1987, Astrophys. J., 818, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacey, C. G. and Ostriker, J. P., 1985, Astrophys. J., 299, 633 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddox, J., 1986, Nature, 319, 717 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madsen, J. and Epstein, R. I., 1984, Astrophys. J., 282, 11 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madsen, J. and Epstein, R. I., 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett, 54, 2720 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madsen, J. and Epstein, R. I., 1986, in: Inner space / outer space. The interface between cosmology and particle physics, ed. Kolb, E. W., Turner, M. S., Lindley, D., Olive, K., Seckel, D., The University of Chicago Press, Chicago-London, pp. 510.Google Scholar
Malagoli, A. and Ruffini, R., 1985, in: Galaxies, quasars and cosmology, ed. Fang, L. Z., Ruffini, R., Wold Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, pp. 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDowell, J., 1985, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc, 217, 77 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melnick, J. and Terlevich, R., 1986, Observatory, 106, 69 Google Scholar
Melott, A. L. and Schramm, D. N., 1985, Astrophys. J., 298, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milgrom, M., 1984, Astrophys. J., 287, 571 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milgrom, M., 1986, Astrophys. J., 306, 9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyamoto, M., 1986, Astron. Her. 79, 234 (In Japanese)Google Scholar
Mößbauer, R. L., 1985, Phys. BL, 41, 391 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasel’skij, P. D. and Polnarev, A. G., 1984, Inst. kosm. issled. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Prepr., 20 pp. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Nasel’skij, P. D. and Polnarev, A. G., 1985, Astron. Zh., 62, 833 (In Russian)Google Scholar
Nelson, L. A., Rappaport, S. A., and Joss, P. C., 1985, Nature, 816, 2 Google Scholar
Olive, K. A. and Hegyi, D. J., 1986, in: Inner space / outer space. The interface between cosmology and particle physics, ed. Kolb, E. W., Turner, M. S., Lindley, D., Olive, K., Seckel, D., The University of Chicago Press, Chicago-London, pp. 112.Google Scholar
Olive, K. A., Schramm, D. N., and Srednicki, M., 1985, Nucl. Phys. B, Part. Phys. 256, 495 Google Scholar
Oort, J. H., 1970, Astron. Astrophys., 7, 381 Google Scholar
Ostriker, J. P., Peebles, P. J. E., and Yahil, A., 1974, Astrophys. J., 198, L1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paczynski, B., 1986, Astrophys. J., 304, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paganini, R., Straumann, N., and Wyler, D., 1986, UPA Rep. (21 pp)Google Scholar
Paganini, R., Straumann, N., and Wyler, D., 1987, Astron. Astrophys., 177, 84 Google Scholar
Press, W. H., 1986, in: Cosmogonical processes, ed. Arnett, W. D., Hausen, C., Truran, J. W., Tsuruta, S., VNU Science Press, Utrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 35. (Proc. symp.)Google Scholar
Primack, J. R., 1986, in: Cosmology, astronomy and fundamental physics, ed. Setti, G., Van Hove, L., pp. 193. (ESO Conf. Workshop Proc, No. 23, Proc. Second ESO-CERN Symp.)Google Scholar
Probst, R. G., 1986, in: Astrophysics of brown dwarfs, ed. Kafatos, M. C., Harrington, R. S., Maran, S. P., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-London-New York-New Rochelle-Melbourne-Sydney, pp. 22 Google Scholar
Ruffini, R. and Song, D. J., 1987, Astron. Astrophys., 179, 3 Google Scholar
Ruffini, R. and Stella, L., 1983, in: Proceedings of the Third Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity. Part A: Session Papers, ed. Hu, N., Science Press, Beijing and North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp. 545 Google Scholar
Sancisi, R., 1985, in: Italian astronomy and the scientific potential of Space Telescope, ed. Bertola, F., pp. 709. (Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital, 56, No. 4, Proc. workshop, held in honor of Riccardo Giacconi)Google Scholar
Sanders, R. H., 1984, Astron. Astrophys., 136, L21 Google Scholar
Sanders, R. H., 1986a, Astron. Astrophys., 154, 135 Google Scholar
Sanders, R. H., 1986b, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 223, 539 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sciama, D. W., 1984a, in: The Big Bang and Georges Lemaitre, ed. Berger, A., D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht-Boston-Lancaster, pp. 31. (Proc. symp. in honor of G. Lemaitre fifty years after his initiation of Big-Bang cosmology)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sciama, D. W., 1984b, in: Plasma astrophysics, ed. Guyenne, T. D. Hunt, J. J., ESA Spec. Publ., ESA SP-207, pp. 171. (International School & Workshop on Plasma Astrophysics)Google Scholar
Sciulli, F., 1986, in: Inner space / outer space. The interface between cosmology and particle physics, ed. Kolb, E. W., Turner, M. S., Lindley, D., Olive, K., Seckel, D., The University of Chicago Press, Chicago-London, pp. 495 Google Scholar
Silk, J. and Srednicki, M., 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett., 53, 624 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, J., Olive, K., and Srednicki, M., 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett., 55, 257 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sivaram, C., 1985, Astrophys. Space Sci. 116, 39 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skrutskie, M. F., Shure, M. A., and Beckwith, S., 1985, Astrophys. J., 299, 303 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skrutskie, M. F., Forrest, W. J., and Shure, M. A., 1986, in: Astrophysics of brown dwarfs, ed. Kafatos, M. C., Harrington, R. S., Maran, S. P., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-London-New York-New Rochelle-Melbourne-Sydney, pp. 82 Google Scholar
Slonczewski, J. C., 1985, Phys. Rev. D 32, 3338 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, P. F., 1986, in: Cosmology, astronomy and fundamental physics, ed. Setti, A G., Van Hove, L., pp. 237 (ESO Conf. Workshop Proc, No. 23, Proc. Second ESO-CERN Symp.)Google Scholar
Srednicki, M., Theisen, S., and Silk, J., 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, 263 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stecker, F. W., Rudar, S., and Walsh, T. F., 1985a, Phys. Rev. Lett., 55, 2622 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stecker, F. W., Walsh, T., and Rudaz, S., 1985b, in: 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol. S, OG session: Cosmic ray and gamma-ray Origin and Galactic phenomena, ed. Jones, F. C., Adams, J., Mason, G. M., NASA Conf. Publ., NASA CP-2376, pp. 358 Google Scholar
Stein-Schabes, J., 1985, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc, 215, 659 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahara, M. and Sato, K., 1986, Phys. Lett. B, 174, 373 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tayler, R. J., 1985, Nature, 316, 19 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, M. S., 1983, Magnetic monopoles, 127 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valtonen, M. J. and Byrd, G. G., 1985, Rep. Ser., Dep. Phys. Sci., Univ. Turku (Turku Univ. Obs., Informo No. 91, 31 pp)Google Scholar
Wasserman, I., 1986, Phys. Rev. D, 83, 2071 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witten, E., 1984, Phys. Rev. D., 30, 272 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zabotin, N. A. and Nasel’skij, P. D., 1985, Astron. Zh., 62, 410 (In Russian)Google Scholar
Zee, A., 1986, in: Particles and the universe, ed. Lazarides, G., Shafi, Q., North-Holland Physics Publishing, Amsterdam-Oxford-New York-Tokyo, pp. 257 (Proc. international symp.)Google Scholar
Zinnecker, H., 1986, in: Astrophysics of brown dwarfs, ed. Kafatos, M. C., Harrington, R. S., Maran, S. P., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-London-New York-New Rochelle-Melbourne-Sydney, pp. 212 Google Scholar