Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T06:48:15.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Life Beyond the Permian—Mesozoic-Cenozoic Brachiopod Paleobiogeography, Paleoecology, and Evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2017

Michael R. Sandy*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469-2364 USA
Get access

Extract

The main focus here is the paleobiogeography and paleoecology of Mesozoic-Cenozoic Brachiopoda, mostly the forms referred to as articulated brachiopods. These are the forms I have worked on primarily for the past two decades. To put these creatures in context some attention should be paid to their evolutionary developments during this time (Fig. 1). The articulated brachiopods that continued into the Mesozoic from the Paleozoic are the rhynchonellides (internally with two processes or prongs, crura, to support the lophophore, Fig. 2.1; examples of external morphology shown in Figs. 3.1–3.5, 4.1); the terebratulides with a brachidium in the form of a loop to support the lophophore (“short-looped” in the Terebratulidina, Figs. 2.2, 2.3, 3.6–3.8, 4.2–4.5; “long-looped” in the Terebratellidina, Figs. 2.4, 2.5, 3.9–3.13); and two forms with a spiral lophophore support, the athyridides and spiriferides (these latter two both become extinct during the Mesozoic; Figs. 2.6, 2.7, 3.14–3.16). The thecideides are micromorphic, cryptic, articulated brachiopods (Fig. 3.17) that have much-debated origins (Baker, 1990; Jaecks, 2000).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2001 by The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aberhan, M. 1999. Terrane history of the Canadian Cordillera: estimating amounts of displacement and rotation of Wrangellia and Stikinia. Geological Magazine, 136:481492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ager, D. V. 1965. The adaptation of Mesozoic brachiopods to different environments. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1:143172.Google Scholar
Ager, D. V. 1967. Some Mesozoic brachiopods in the Tethys region, p. 135151. In Adams, C. G. and Ager, D. V. (eds.), Aspects of Tethyan Biogeography. Systematics Association Publication No. 7.Google Scholar
Ager, D. V. 1986. Migrating fossils, moving plates and an expanding earth. Modern Geology, 10:377390.Google Scholar
Ager, D. V. 1993. Mesozoic brachiopods and seamounts, p. 1113. In Palfy, J. and Vörös, A. (eds.), Mesozoic Brachiopods of Alpine Europe. Hungarian Geological Society, Budapest.Google Scholar
Ager, D. V., Childs, A., and Pearson, D. A. B. 1972. The evolution of the Mesozoic Rhynchonellida. Geobios, 5:157235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ager, D. V., and Li, S. D. 1988. Distribution of Mesozoic brachiopods on the northern and southern shores of Tethys. Palaeontologia Cathayana, 4:2351.Google Scholar
Baker, P. E. 1990. The classification, origin and phylogeny of thecideidine brachiopods. Palaeontology, 33:175191.Google Scholar
Beecher, C. E. 1892. Development of the Brachiopoda. Part II. Classification of the stages of growth and decline. American Journal of Science (ser. 3), 44:133155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Boucot, A. J., and Koch, W. F. 1988. New occurrences of color patterns in Devonian articulate brachiopods. Journal of Paleontology, 62:4657.Google Scholar
Brunton, C. H. C., and MacKinnon, D. I. 1972. The systematic position of the Jurassic brachiopod Cadomella . Palaeontology, 15:405411.Google Scholar
Campbell, K. A., and Bottjer, D. J. 1995a. Peregrinella: an Early Cretaceous cold-seep-restricted brachiopod. Paleobiology, 21:461478.Google Scholar
Campbell, K. A., and Bottjer, D. J. 1995b. Brachiopods and chemosynthetic bivalves in Phanerozoic hydrothermal vent and cold seep environments. Geology, 23:321324.Google Scholar
Campbell, K. A., Carlson, C., and Bottjer, D. J. 1993. Fossil cold seep limestones and associated chemosynthetic macroinvertebrate faunas, Jurassic-Cretaceous Great Valley Group, California, p. 3750. In Graham, S. A. and Lowe, D. R. (eds.), Advances in Sedimentary Geology of the Great Valley Group, Sacramento Valley, California. Pacific Section, Society of Econonic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 73.Google Scholar
Cohen, B. L., Balfe, P., Cohen, M., and Curry, G. B. 1993. Molecular and morphometric variation in European populations of the articulate brachiopod Terebratulina retusa . Marine Biology, 115:105111.Google Scholar
Dagys, A. S. 1974. Triasovye Brakhiopody (Morphologiya, Sistema, Filogeniya, Stratigraficheskoe Znachenie i Biogeogafiya). Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoye Otdelenie, Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki Trudy, 214:1386.Google Scholar
Dagys, A. S. 1993. Geographic differentiation of Triassic brachiopods. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 100:7988.Google Scholar
Dutro, J. T. Jr., and Boardman, R. S. 1981. Lophophorates, notes for a short course. Broadhead, T. W. (ed.), University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences Studies in Geology 5.Google Scholar
Emig, C. C. 1997a. Ecology of inarticulated brachiopods, p. 473495. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, revised, Brachiopoda, volume 1: Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Emig, C. C. 1997b. Biogeography of inarticulated brachiopods, p. 497502. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, revised, Brachiopoda, volume 1: Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Gaspard, D. 1999. Distribution of Lower Cretaceous brachiopods in Europe (Berriasian to Aptian). Bulletin de la Societie géologique de France, 170:311326.Google Scholar
Golebiowski, R. 1991. Becken und Riffe der alpinen Obertrias, p. 80119. In Exkursionen im Jungpaläozoikum und Mesozoikum Osterreichs. Osterreiche Palaontologische Gesellschaft, Vienna.Google Scholar
Hagdorn, H., and Sandy, M. R. 1998. Color banding in the Triassic terebratulid brachiopod Coenothyris from the Muschelkalk of Central Europe. Journal of Paleontology, 72:1128.Google Scholar
Hoover, P. R. 1979. Early Triassic terebratulid brachiopods from the Western Interior of the United States. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1057.Google Scholar
Hoover, P. R. 1991. Late Triassic cyrtinoid spiriferinacean brachiopods from western North America and their biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 100:63109.Google Scholar
Jaecks, G. 2000. Thecideide phylogeny, heterochrony, and the gradual acquisition of characters. Abstracts, The Millennium Brachiopod Congress. The Natural History Museum, London.Google Scholar
Kázmér, M. 1993. Pygopid brachiopods and Tethyan margins, p. 5968. In Palfy, J. and Vörös, A. (eds.), Mesozoic brachiopods of Alpine Europe. Hungarian Geological Society, Budapest.Google Scholar
Kázmér, M. 1998. Pygopid brachiopods and Late Jurassic palaeorelief in the Gerecse Mts., Hungary. Foldtani Kozlony, 128:265272.Google Scholar
Kristan-Tollmann, E. 1987. Triassic of the Tethys and its relations with the Triassic of the Pacific Realm, p. 169186. In McKenzie, K. G. (ed.), Shallow Tethys 2. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Krobicki, M. 1993. Tithonian-Berriasian brachiopods in the Niedzica succession of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Polish Carpathians): paleoecological and paleobiological implications, p. 6977. In Palfy, J. and Vörös, A. (eds.), Mesozoic Brachiopods of Alpine Europe. Hungarian Geological Society, Budapest.Google Scholar
Lees, E. J. 1934. Geology of Laberge area, Yukon. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, 20:148.Google Scholar
Lemoine, M., Arnaud-Vanneau, A., Arnaud, H., Letolle, R., Mevel, C., and Thieuloy, J. P. 1982. Indices possibles de paléo-hydrothermalisme marin dans le Jurassique et le Crétacé des Alpes occidentals (ocean téthysien et as marge continetale européenne): essai d'inventaire. Bulletin de la Societé géologique de France, 24:641647.Google Scholar
Logan, A. 1964. An Indo-Pacific spiriferid from the Triassic of northeastern British Columbia. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 12:692718.Google Scholar
Logan, A. 1967. Middle and Upper Triassic spiriferinid brachiopods from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 155:137.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, D. I. 1987. The influence of Australian-Antarctic plate tectonics and palaeoceanographic development on the morphology and inferred life habits of New Zealand Oligocene brachiopods. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 58:6373.Google Scholar
MacLeod, N., Rawson, P. F., Forey, P. L., Banner, F. T., Boudagher-Fadel, M. K., Bown, P. R., Burnett, J. A., Chambers, P., Culver, S., Evans, S. E., Jeffrey, C., Kaminski, M. A., Lord, A. R., Milner, A. C., Milner, A. R., Morris, N., Owen, E., Rosen, B. R., Smith, A. B., Taylor, P. D., Urquhart, E., and Young, J. R. 1997. The Cretaceous-Tertiary biotic transition. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 154:265292.Google Scholar
Mancenido, M. O. 1991. The succession of Early Jurassic brachiopod faunas from Argentina: Correlations and affinities, p. 397404. In MacKinnon, D. I., Lee, D. E., and Campbell, J. D. (eds.), Brachiopods through time. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Mancenido, M. O., and Griffin, M. 1988. Distribution and palaeoenvironmental significance of the genus Bouchardia (Brachiopoda, Terebratellidina): its bearing on the Cenozoic evolution of the South Atlantic. Revista Brasileira de Geociencias, 18:201211.Google Scholar
Masse, J. P. 1992. The Lower Cretaceous Mesogean benthic ecosystems: palaeoecologic aspects and palaeobiogeographic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 91:331345.Google Scholar
McArthur, A. G., and Tunnicliffe, V. 1998. Relics and antiquity revisited in the modern vent fauna, p. 271291. In Mills, R. A. and Harrison, K. (eds.), Modern Ocean Floor Processes and the Geological Record. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 148.Google Scholar
Michalik, J. 1992. The structure and distribution of the European Cretaceous brachiopod assemblages with emphasis on the Tethyan fauna. Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenchaftlichen der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 9:5774.Google Scholar
Michalik, J. 1996. Functional morphology-paleoecology of pygopid brachiopods from the Western Carpathian Mesozoic, p. 175178. In Copper, P. and Jin, J. (eds.), Brachiopods. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Middlemiss, F. A. 1973. The geographical distribution of Lower Cretaceous Terebratulacea in Western Europe, p. 111120. In Casey, R. and Rawson, P. F. (eds.), The Boreal Lower Cretaceous. Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Middlemiss, F. A. 1984. Brachiopod Events in the European Middle Cretaceous (Aptian-Cenomanian). Cretaceous Research, 2:377382.Google Scholar
Middlemiss, F. A., and Smirnova, T. N. 1988. Barremian Brachiopoda, p. 7577. In Rakus, M., Dercourt, J., and Nairn, A. E. M. (eds.), Evolution of the Northern Margin of Tethys, Volume I. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Paris, Nouvelle Série No. 154.Google Scholar
Muir-Wood, H. M. 1953. On some Jurassic and Cretaceous Brachiopoda from Traill Ø, east Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland Kjøbenhaven, 111:115.Google Scholar
Owen, E. F. 1973. The distribution of Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian) rhynchonelloid and terebratelloid brachiopods in the northern hemisphere, p. 121130. In Casey, R. and Rawson, P. F. (eds.), The Boreal Lower Cretaceous. Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Owen, E. F. 1976. Some Lower Cretaceous brachiopods from East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland Kjøbenhaven, 171(3):119.Google Scholar
Palfy, J., and Torok, A. 1992. Comparison of Alpine and Germano-type Middle Triassic brachiopod faunas from Hungary, with remarks on Coenothyris vulgaris (Schlotheim, 1820). Annales Universistis Scientiarium Budapestinensis de Rolanad Eotvos Nominatae, Scetio Geologica, 29:303323.Google Scholar
Peck, L. 2001a. Physiology. In Carlson, S. J. and Sandy, M. R. (eds.), Brachiopods ancient and modern: a tribute to G. Arthur Cooper. Paleontological Society Paper 7.Google Scholar
Peck, L. 2001b. Ecology of articulated brachiopods. In Carlson, S. J. and Sandy, M. R. (eds.), Brachiopods ancient and modern: a tribute to G. Arthur Cooper. Paleontological Society Paper 7.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. R. 1997a. Biogeography of articulated brachiopods, p. 463472. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, revised, Brachiopoda, volume 1: Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. R. 1997b. Ecology of articulated brachiopods, p. 441462. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, revised, Brachiopoda, volume 1: Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Rodland, D. L., and Bottjer, D. J. 2001. Biotic recovery from the end-Permian Mass Extinction: behavior of the inarticulate brachiopod Lingula as a disaster taxon. Palaios, 16:95101.Google Scholar
Rowell, A. J., and Grant, R. E. 1987. Phylum Brachiopoda, p. 445496. In Boardman, R. S., Cheethan, A. H., and Rowell, A. J. (eds.), Fossil Invertebrates. Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Rudwick, M. J. S. 1970. Living and fossil brachiopods. Hutchinson and Co. Ltd., London.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. 1988. Tithonian Brachiopoda, p. 7174. In Rakus, M., Dercourt, J., and Nairn, A. E. M. (eds.), Evolution of the Northern Margin of Tethys, Volume I. Memoires de la Société Géologique de France, Paris, Nouvelle Série No. 154.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. 1989. Preparation of serial sections, p. 146156. In Feldmann, R. M., Chapman, R. E., and Hannibal, J. T. (eds.), Paleotechniques. Paleontological Society Special Publication Number 4.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. 1991a. Aspects of Middle-Late Jurassic-Cretaceous Tethyan brachiopod biogeography in relation to tectonic and paleoceanographic developments. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 87:137154.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. 1991b. Biogeographic affinities of some Jurassic-Cretaceous brachiopod faunas from the Americas and their relation to tectonic and paleoceanographic events, p. 415422. In MacKinnon, D. I., Lee, D. E., and Campbell, J. D. (eds.), Brachiopods through time. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. 1994. Early Mesozoic (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic) Tethyan brachiopod biofacies: possible evolutionary intra-phylum niche replacement within the Brachiopoda. Paleobiology, 21:479495.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. 1995. A review of some Palaeozoic and Mesozoic brachiopods as members of cold seep chemosynthetic communities: “unusual” palaeoecology and anomalous palaeobiogeographic patterns explained. Földtani Közlöny, Bulletin of the Hungarian Geological Society, 125:241258.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. 1997. Mesozoic brachiopods of Mexico—a review and some comments on their paleobiogeographic affinities and paleoecology. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 14:219224.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. 1998. Loop ontogeny of the Late Triassic (Norian) terebratulid brachiopod Pseudorhaetina antimoniensis Sandy from Sonora, Mexico and its taxonomic significance. Journal of Paleontology, 72:2835.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R. In press. Mesozoic articulated brachiopods from the Western Cordillera of North America: their significance for palaeobiogeography and tectonic reconstruction, palaeogeography and palaeoecology. Proceedings of the Millennium Brachiopod Congress, London, 2000.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R., and Blodgett, R. B. 1996. Peregrinella (Brachiopoda; Rhynchonellida) from the Early Cretaceous, Wrangellia Terrane, Alaska, p. 239242. In Copper, P. and Jin, J. (eds.), Brachiopods. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R., and Campbell, K. A. 1994. New rhynchonellid brachiopod genus from Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) cold seep deposits of California and its paleoenvironmental setting. Journal of Paleontology, 68:12431252.Google Scholar
Sandy, M. R., and Stanley, G. D. Jr. 1993. Late Triassic brachiopods from the Luning Formation, Nevada, and their palaeobiogeographic significance. Palaeontology, 36:439480.Google Scholar
Schubert, J. A., and Bottjer, D. J. 1992. Early Triassic stromatolites as post-mass extinction disaster forms. Geology, 20:883886.Google Scholar
Smirnova, T. N. 1997. The palaeobiogeographical significance of Neocomian brachiopods from the former Soviet Union. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 108:209214.Google Scholar
Sulser, H. 1999. Die Brachiopoden der Schweiz und der angrenzenden Gebiete Juragebirge und Alpen. Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich. 315 p.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. G., Callomon, J. H., Hall, R., Smith, P. L., Tipper, H. W., and Westermann, G. E. G. 1984. Jurassic ammonite biogeography of western North America: the tectonic implications, p. 121141. In Westermann, G. E. G. (ed.), Jurassic-Cretaceous Biochronology and Paleogeography of North America. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 27.Google Scholar
Tchoumatchenco, P. 1972. Thanatocoenoses and biotopes of Lower Jurassic brachiopods in Central and Western Bulgaria. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 12:227242.Google Scholar
Thieuloy, J. P. 1972. Biostratigraphie des lentilles à pérégrinelles (brachiopods) de l'Hauterivien de Rottier (Drôme, France). Geobios, 5:553.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. R. 1978. The ecology, evolution and extinction of Spiriferina in the Lower Jurassic. , University College of Swansea, Wales.Google Scholar
Vogel, K. 1966. Eine funktionmorphologische Studie an der Brachiopodengattung Pygope (Malm bis Unterkreide). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 125:423440.Google Scholar
Vörös, A. 1986. Brachiopod paleoecology on a Tethyan Jurassic seamount (Pliensbachian, Bakony Mtns, Hungary). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 57:241271.Google Scholar
Vörös, A. 1993a. Jurassic brachiopods of the Bakony Mts. (Hungary): global and local effects on changing diversity, p. 179187. In Palfy, J. and Vörös, A. (eds.), Mesozoic Brachiopods of Alpine Europe. Hungarian Geological Society, Budapest.Google Scholar
Vörös, A. 1993b. Jurassic microplate movements and brachiopod migrations in the western part of Tethys. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 100:125146.Google Scholar
Vörös, A. 1995. Extinctions and survivals in a Mediterranean Early Jurassic brachiopod fauna (Bakony Mts, Hungary). Hantkeniana, 1:145154.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. 1996. No second chances? New perspectives on biotic interactions in post-Paleozoic brachiopod history, p. 281288. In Copper, P. and Jin, J. (eds.), Brachiopods. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Williams, A., Carlson, S. J., Brunton, C. H. C., Holmer, L. E., and Popov, L. 1996. A supra-ordinal classification of the Brachiopoda. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 351:11711193.Google Scholar
Williams, A., Carlson, S. J., and Brunton, C. H. C. 2000. Brachiopod classification, p. 127. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, revised, Brachiopoda, volumes 2 and 3: Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea (part). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar