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The Application of Geographic Information Systems to Paleobiogeography: Implications for the Study of Invasions and Mass Extinctions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2017

Alycia L. Stigall Rode
Alycia L. Stigall Rode*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Ohio University, 316 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
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Abstract

Mapping geographic ranges of species and higher taxa using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) produces quantitative data on spatial and temporal changes in geographic ranges. The primary advantage of GIS analysis is that it has the capacity to utilize large amounts of occurrence data of species to produce quantitatively constrained geographic range reconstructions that are amenable to statistical analysis. The basic steps in GIS range reconstruction are database assembly (including taxonomic, geographic, and stratigraphic information for each specimen), mapping of localities of species on modern continental configuration, rotation of occurrence data of species onto paleocontinental reconstructions, and reconstructions of geographic ranges. GIS analysis of ranges of species has been used to assess faunal dynamics of the Late Devonian Biodiversity Crisis, and three case studies are presented here. In these case studies, GIS-derived ranges of species are used to assess the relationship of biogeography with sea level, speciation and extinction rates, mass extinction survival, speciation mode, and invasive history of taxa. These case studies represent a subset of the potential for GIS analyses to examine paleontological patterns and contribute to improving understanding of the interaction between paleobiogeography, paleoecology, and evolution in the fossil record.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Paleontological Society Papers , Volume 11: Paleobiogeography: Generating New Insights into the Coevolution of the Earth and its Biota , October 2005 , pp. 77 - 88
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 by the Paleontological Society 

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