Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-n9wrp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T09:22:55.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

General Historical Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2017

Gérard de Vaucouleurs*
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A brief historical review of the discovery and exploration of elliptical galaxies in the past two centuries is presented.

Type
Invited Reviews
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1987 

References

REFERENCES

van Albada, T.S., 1982. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 201, 939.Google Scholar
Alexander, S., 1852. Astron. J., 2, 109.Google Scholar
Baade, W., 1945. Astrophys. J., 100, 137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balanowski, I., 1922. Astr. Nachr., 215, 215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baum, W.A., 1955. Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific, 67, 328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baum, W.A., 1959. Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific, 71, 106.Google Scholar
Baum, W.A., 1961. In IAU Symposium No. 15, Problems of Extragalactic Research, p. 20, ed. McVittie, G.C. (MacMillan, New York).Google Scholar
Belzer, J., Gamow, G., & Keller, G. 1951. Astrophys. J., 113, 166.Google Scholar
Bertola, F., & Capaccioli, M., 1975. Astrophys. J., 200, 439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigourdan, G., 1900. Ann. Obs. de Paris, 0.95, 1904.Google Scholar
Binney, J.J., 1976. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 177, 19.Google Scholar
Binney, J.J., 1982. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 200, 951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binney, J.J., & de Vaucouleurs, G., 1981. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 194, 679.Google Scholar
Bolton, G., Stanley, G.J., & Slee, O.B., 1948. Nature, 162, 141.Google Scholar
Bolton, G., Stanley, G.J., & Slee, O.B., 1949. Nature, 164, 101.Google Scholar
Burbidge, G.R., Burbidge, E.M., & Fish, R.A., 1961. Astrophys. J., 134, 251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, J.A., & Moss, E.B., 1931. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 91, 191.Google Scholar
Curtis, H.D., 1918. Publ. Lick Obs., 13.Google Scholar
Dennison, E.W., 1954. Ph. D. Thesis, Michigan University.Google Scholar
Einasto, J., 1972. In IAU Symposium No. 44, External Galaxies and Quasi–Stellar Objects, p. 37, ed. Evans, D.S. (Reidel, Dordrecht).Google Scholar
Evans, D.S., 1951. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 111, 526.Google Scholar
Faber, S.M., & Jackson, R.E., 1976. Astrophys. J., 204, 668.Google Scholar
Fish, R.A., 1964. Astrophys. J., 139, 284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gott, J.R., 1975. Astrophys. J., 201, 296.Google Scholar
Hazen, M., 1960. Astrophys. J., 132, 306.Google Scholar
Herschel, W., 1786. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 76, 457.Google Scholar
Hodge, P.W., 1961a. Astron. J., 66, 249.Google Scholar
Hodge, P.W., 1961b. Astron. J., 66, 384.Google Scholar
Hodge, P.W., 1962. 67, 125.Google Scholar
Hodge, P.W., & Michie, R., 1969. Astron. J., 74, 587.Google Scholar
Holmberg, E., 1959. Medd. Lund Obs., 136.Google Scholar
Hubble, E., 1923. Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific, 35, 261.Google Scholar
Hubble, E., 1926. Astrophys. J., 64, 321.Google Scholar
Hubble, E., 1930. Astrophys. J., 71, 231.Google Scholar
Hubble, E., 1949. Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific, 61, 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, I.R., 1962. Astron. J., 67, 471.Google Scholar
King, I.R., 1966a. Astron. J., 71, 64.Google Scholar
King, I.R., 1966b. Astron. J., 71, 276.Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., 1977. Astrophys. J., 218, 33.Google Scholar
Larson, R.B., 1975. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 173, 671.Google Scholar
Le Gentil, G.J., 1749. Mém. Acad. Sciences, 470.Google Scholar
Lundmark, K. 1919. Astr. Nachr., 209, 369.Google Scholar
Lundmark, K., 1927. Medd. Uppsala, 30, 22.Google Scholar
Lynden–Bell, D., 1967. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 136, 101.Google Scholar
Machiels, A., 1930. Bull. Astron. Paris, 6, 317.Google Scholar
Machiels, A., 1930. Bull. Astron. Paris, 6, 405.Google Scholar
Machiels, A., 1933. Bull. Astron. Paris, 9, 471.Google Scholar
Martin, W.L., & Bingham, R.G., 1970. Observatory, 90, 13.Google Scholar
Mathews, T.A., Morgan, W.W., & Schmidt, M., 1964, Astrophys. J., 140, 35.Google Scholar
Messier, C., 1771. Mém. Acad. Sciences, 440.Google Scholar
Messier, C., 1781. Connaissance de Temps for 1784, 277 (Paris).Google Scholar
Messier, C., 1807. Mém. Acad. Sciences, 210.Google Scholar
Michie, R.W., 1963. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 125, 127.Google Scholar
Miller, R.H., & Prendergast, K., 1962. Astrophys. J., 136, 713.Google Scholar
Mills, B.Y., 1952a. Austr. Journ. Sci. Res., A, 5, 266.Google Scholar
Mills, B.Y., 1952b. Austr. Journ. Sci. Res., A, 5, 456.Google Scholar
Mills, B.Y., 1953. Austr. Journ. Physics, 6, 452.Google Scholar
Mills, B.Y., & de Vaucouleurs, G., 1953. Observatory, 73, 252.Google Scholar
Mills, B.Y., & de Vaucouleurs, G., 1954. Observatory, 74, 248.Google Scholar
Minkowski, R., 1961. In IAU Symposium No. 15, Problems of Extragalactic Research, p. 112, ed. McVittie, G.C. (MacMillan, New York).Google Scholar
Morgan, W.W., & Mayall, N.U., 1957. Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific, 69, 291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, D.C., & Chevalier, R.A., 1972. Astrophys. J., 174, 489.Google Scholar
Morton, D.C., & Chevalier, R.A., 1973. Astrophys. J., 179, 55.Google Scholar
Oort, J.H., 1940. Astrophys. J., 91, 273.Google Scholar
Pettit, E., 1954. Astrophys. J., 120, 413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poveda, A., 1958. Bol. Obs. Tonantzintla, 17.Google Scholar
Poveda, A., Iturriaga, R., & Orozco, I., 1960. Bol. Obs. Tonantzintla, 20, 3.Google Scholar
Poveda, A., 1961. Astrophys. J., 134, 910.Google Scholar
Reaves, G., 1956. Astron. J., 61, 69.Google Scholar
Reaves, G., 1962. Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific, 74, 392.Google Scholar
Redman, R.O., & Shirley, E.G., 1936. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 96, 588.Google Scholar
Redman, R.O., & Shirley, E.G., 1938. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 98, 613.Google Scholar
Reynolds, J.H., 1914. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 74, 132.Google Scholar
Reynolds, J.H., 1934. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 94, 519.Google Scholar
Sandage, A., Freeman, K.C., & Stokes, N.R., 1970. Astrophys. J., 160, 831.Google Scholar
Schwarzschild, M., 1954. Astron. J., 59, 273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapley, H., 1934. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 94, 806.Google Scholar
Shapley, H., 1938a. Harvard Obs. Bull., 908, 1.Google Scholar
Shapley, H., 1938b. Nature, 142, 715.Google Scholar
Shapley, H., & Ames, A., 1930. Ann. Harvard Coll. Obs., 88, No. 1.Google Scholar
Shapley, H., & Ames, A., 1932. Ann. Harvard Coll. Obs., 88, No. 2.Google Scholar
Shklovskii, I.S., & Kholopov, P.N., 1952. Astr. Circ. Ac. Sci. USSR, 131.Google Scholar
Slipher, V.M., 1912. Lick Obs. Bull., 2, 26.Google Scholar
Slipher, V.M., 1914. Publ. Am. Astr. Soc., 3, 98.Google Scholar
Slipher, V.M., 1915. Pop. Astron., 23, 21.Google Scholar
Smith, S., 1935. Astrophys. J., 82, 192.Google Scholar
Stanley, G.J., & Slee, O.B., 1950. Austr. Journ. Physics, 3, 234.Google Scholar
Stebbins, J., & Whitford, A.E., 1936. Astrophys. J., 83, 424.Google Scholar
Stebbins, J., & Whitford, A.E., 1937. Astrophys. J., 86, 247.Google Scholar
Stebbins, J., & Whitford, A.E., 1948. Astrophys. J., 108, 413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stebbins, J., & Whitford, A.E., 1952. Astrophys. J., 115, 384.Google Scholar
Ten Bruggencate, H., 1930a. Zs. für Astrophys., 1, 275.Google Scholar
Ten Bruggencate, H., 1930b. Zs. für Astrophys., 2, 83.Google Scholar
Tifft, W., 1961. Astron. J., 66, 390.Google Scholar
Tifft, W., 1963. Astron. J., 68, 302.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1948a. J. des Observ., 31, 113.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1948b. Ann. d' Astrophys., 11, 247.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1948c. Ann. d' Astrophys., 11, 267.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1948d. Compte Rendus, 227, 548.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1948e. Compte Rendus, 227, 586.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1953. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 113, 134.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1956. Mem. Commonwealth Obs. 13.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1958a. Lick Obs. Bull., 97.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1958b. Astrophys. J., 128, 465.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1959. Handbuch der Physik, 53, 323/328.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1963. Astrophys. J. Suppl., 8, 31.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1974a. In IAU Symposium No. 58, The Formation and Dynamics of Galaxies, p. 1, ed. Shakeshaft, J.R. (Reidel, Dordrecht).Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1974b. In IAU Symposium No. 58, The Formation and Dynamics of Galaxies, p. 335, ed. Shakeshaft, J.R. (Reidel, Dordrecht).Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1977. Astron. J., 82, 456.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., 1978. Astron. J., 83, 1383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., & Ables, H.D., 1968. Astrophys. J., 151, 105.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., & Capaccioli, M., 1979. Astrophys. J. Suppl., 40, 699.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., & Pence, W., 1973. Bull. American Astron. Soc., 5, 446.Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., & Sheridan, K.V., 1957. In IAU Symposium No. 4, Radio Astronomy, p. 169, ed. van de Hulst, H.C. (Reidel, Dordrecht).Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., & de Vaucouleurs, A., 1964. Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies, Univ. of Texas, Austin (RC1).Google Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G., de Vaucouleurs, A., & Corwin, H.G., 1976. Second Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies, Univ. of Texas, Austin (RC2).Google Scholar
Wilson, C.P., 1975. Astron. J., 80, 175.Google Scholar
Wolfe, A.M., & Burbidge, G.R., 1970. Astrophys. J., 161, 419.Google Scholar
Wood, D.B., 1966. Astrophys. J., 145, 36.Google Scholar
Woolley, R., 1954. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 114, 191.Google Scholar
Woolley, R., & Robertson, D.A., 1956. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 116, 288.Google Scholar
Wyatt, S.P., 1950. Astron. J., 55, 187.Google Scholar
Young, P., 1976. Astron. J., 81, 807.Google Scholar
Zwicky, F., 1963. Astron. J., 68, 301.Google Scholar
Zwicky, F. 1971. Catalogue of Selected Compact Galaxies, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.Google Scholar