Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T19:49:32.863Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Far Infrared Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Dust

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2016

George Helou
George Helou*
Affiliation:
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This review examines the question of how similar far infrared and submillimeter dust properties are among galaxies including the Milky Way, and within the Milky Way. The IRAS data are examined, and no evidence is found for variations in the broad-band dust properties between 10 and 100 μm. Submillimeter data are examined in a search for a power-law index describing the emissivity of dust at λ > 100 μm. The data are consistent with a universal value of the index between 1 and 2. The evidence for large amounts of cold dust (10 to 15 K) in galaxies is reviewed and found quite soft in light of conflicting data. In most spiral galaxies, the dust-to-gas ratios are comparable to their values in the Milky Way, with a few well-documented exceptions such as the Magellanic Clouds and Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies, which have a lower ratio. No compelling evidence is found for gradients in the dust-to-gas ratio within disks of galaxies. Very small grains with fluctuating temperatures appear to be present in all galaxies examined, and to behave just like those observed in the Milky Way.

Type
Section IV: Dust in Galaxies
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 135: Interstellar Dust , 1989 , pp. 285 - 301
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1989 

References

Bazell, D., Blitz, L., and Désert, F. X. 1989, in Interstellar Dust Contributed Papers, eds. Tielens, A. G. G. M. and Allamandola, L. J., NASA CP-3036.Google Scholar
Becklin, E. E., and Wynn-Williams, C. G. 1987, in Star Formation in Galaxies, ed. Persson, C. J. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office), 643.Google Scholar
Boulanger, F., Beichman, C., Désert, F. X., Helou, G., Pérault, M., and Ryter, C. 1988, Ap. J., 532, 328.Google Scholar
Boulanger, F., and Pérault, M. 1988, Ap. J., 330, 964.Google Scholar
Caux, E., Serra, G., Gispert, R., Puget, J-L., Ryter, C., and Coron, N. 1984, Astr. Ap., 137, 1.Google Scholar
Caux, E., Solomon, P. M., Mooney, T. J. 1989, in Interstellar Dust Contributed Papers, eds. Tielens, A. G. G. M. and Allamandola, L. J., NASA CP-3036.Google Scholar
Chini, R., Kreysa, E., Meager, P. G., and Gemund, H.-P. 1986a, Astr. Ap., 157, L1.Google Scholar
Chini, R., Kreysa, E., Krugel, E., and Mezger, P. G. 1986b, Astr. Ap., 166, L8.Google Scholar
Cox, P., Krugel, E., and Mezger, P. G. 1986, Astr. Av., 155, 380.Google Scholar
Cunningham, C. T., Ade, P. A. R., Robson, E. I., and Rodostitz, J. V. 1984, M. N. R. A. S., 211, 543.Google Scholar
de Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, B., Melchiorri, F., and Moreno, G. 1984, Ap. J., 278, 150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Muizon, M., and Rouan, D. 1985, Astr. Ap., 143, 160.Google Scholar
deVries, H. W., Heithausen, A., and Thaddeus, P. 1987, Ap. J., 319, 723.Google Scholar
Draine, B. T., and Lee, H. M. 1984, Ap. J., 285, 89.Google Scholar
Eales, S. A., Wynn-Williams, C. G., and Duncan, W. D. 1989, Ap. J., in press.Google Scholar
Elias, J. H., et al. 1978, Ap. J., 220, 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garwood, R. W., Helou, G., and Dickey, J. A. 1987, Ap. J., 322, 88.Google Scholar
Gear, W. K., Robson, E. I., and Griffin, M. J. 1988, M. N. R. A. S., 231, 55.Google Scholar
Gee, G., Emerson, J. P., Ade, P. A. R., Robson, E. I., and Nolt, I. G. 1984, M. N. R. A. S., 208, 517.Google Scholar
Gondhalekar, P. M., Morgan, D. H., Dopita, M., and Ellis, R. S. 1986, M. N. R. A. S., 219, 505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, M. A. 1987, Ap. J., 316, 258.Google Scholar
Hauser, M. G., Silverberg, R. F., Stier, M. T., Kelsall, T., Gezari, D. Y., Dwek, E., Walser, D., Mather, J. C., and Cheung, L. H. 1984, Ap. J., 285, 74.Google Scholar
Helou, G., Soifer, B. T., and Rowan-Robinson, M. 1985, Ap. J. (Letters), 298, L7.Google Scholar
Helou, G. 1986a, Ap. J. (Letters), 311, L33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helou, G. 1986b, in Star Forming Dwarf Galaxies and Related Objects, ed. Kunth, D., Thuan, T. X., and Tran Thanh Van, J., (Gif-sun-Yvette: Editions Frontieres), p. 319.Google Scholar
Helou, G., Khan, I. R., Malek, L., and Boehmer, L. 1988, Ap. J. Suppl., 86, 151.Google Scholar
Hildebrand, R. H. 1983, Quart. J. R. A. S., 24, 267.Google Scholar
Hoffman, G. L., Helou, G., Salpeter, E. E., and Lewis, B. M. 1989, Ap. J., in press.Google Scholar
Impey, C., Wynn-Williams, L. G., and Becklin, E. E. 1989, in preparation.Google Scholar
Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Catalogs and Atlases: Explanatory Supplement 1988, eds. Beichman, C. A., Neugebauer, G., Habing, H. J., Clegg, P. E., and Chester, T. J., (Washington, DC:NASA).Google Scholar
Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Catalogs and Atlases: Point Source Catalog , 1988, Joint IRAS Science Working Group (Washington, DC:NASA).Google Scholar
Jaffe, D. T., Becklin, E. E., and Hildebrand, R. H. 1984, Ap. J., 285, L31.Google Scholar
Jaffe, D. T., Hildebrand, R. H., Keene, J., and Whitcomb, S. E. 1983, Ap. J. (Letters), 273, 189.Google Scholar
Jura, M., Kim, D. W., Knapp, G. R., and Guhathakurta, P. 1987, Ap. J. (Letters), 312, L11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knapp, G. R., Helou, G., and Stark, A. A. 1987, A. J., 94, 54.Google Scholar
Koike, C., Hasegawa, H., and Hattori, T. 1987, Ap. Space Sci., 134, 95.Google Scholar
Koorneef, J. 1982, Astr. Ap., 107, 247.Google Scholar
Kunth, D., and Sèvre, F. 1986, in Star Forming Dwarf Galaxies and Related Objects, ed. Kunth, D., Thuan, T. X., and Tran Thanh Van, J., (Gif sur Yvette: Editions Frontieres), p. 331.Google Scholar
Lange, A. E. et al. 1989, in Interstellar Dust Contributed Papers, eds. Tielens, A. G. G. M. and Allamandola, L. J., NASA CP-3036.Google Scholar
Laureijs, R. J., Chlewicki, G., Clark, F. O., Wesselius, P. R. 1989, in Interstellar Dust Contributed Papers, eds. Tielens, A. G. G. M. and Allamandola, L. J., NASA CP-3036.Google Scholar
Leene, A. 1986, Astr. Ap., 154, 295.Google Scholar
Loughran, L., McBreen, B., Fazio, G. G., Rengarajan, T. N., Maxson, C. W., Serio, S., Sciortino, S., and Ray, T. P. 1986, Ap. J., 303, 629.Google Scholar
Low, F. J., et al. 1984, Ap. J. (Letters), 278, L19.Google Scholar
Maloney, P., and Black, J. H. 1988, Ap. J., 325, 389.Google Scholar
Marston, A. P. and Dickens, R. J. 1988, Astr. Ap., 193, 27.Google Scholar
Mathis, J. S., Mezger, P. G., and Panagia, N. 1983, Astr. Ap., 128, 212.Google Scholar
Mezger, P. G., Chini, R., Kreysa, E., and Gemund, H.-P. 1986, Astr. Ap., 160, 324.Google Scholar
Mezger, P. G., Chini, R., Kreysa, E., and Wink, J. E. 1987, Astr. Ap., 182, 127.Google Scholar
Mezger, P. G., Chini, R., Kreysa, E., Wink, J. E., and Salter, C. J. 1988, Astr. Ap., 191, 44.Google Scholar
Mezger, P. G., Mathis, J. S., and Panagia, N. 1982, Astr. Ap., 105, 372.Google Scholar
Nordh, H. L., van Duinen, R. J., Fridlund, C. V. M., Sargent, A. I., Aalders, J. W. G., and Beintema, D. 1984, Astr. Ap., 131, 221.Google Scholar
Pajot, F., Boissé, P., Gispert, R., Lamarre, J. M., Puget, J-L., and Serra, G. 1986, Astr. Ap., 157, 393.Google Scholar
Pérault, M., Boulanger, F., Puget, J-L., and Falgarone, E. 1988, preprint.Google Scholar
Persson, C. J. L., and Helou, G. 1988, Ap. J., 314, 513.Google Scholar
Puget, J. L. 1989 in IAU Symposium 135, Interstellar Dust, eds. Allamandola, L. J. and Tielens, A. G. G. M., (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 119.Google Scholar
Rengarajan, T. N., Fazio, G. G., Maxson, C. W., McBreen, B., Serio, S., and Sciortino, S. 1986, Irish Astron. J., 17, 313.Google Scholar
Rickard, L. J., and Harvey, P. M. 1983, Ap. J. (Letters), 268, L7.Google Scholar
Richardson, K. J., White, G. J., Gee, G., Griffin, M. J., Cunningham, C. T., Ade, P. A. R., and Avery, L. W. 1985, M. N. R. A. S., 216, 713.Google Scholar
Rowan-Robinson, M., Lock, T. D., Walker, D. W., and Harris, S. 1986, M. N. R. A. S., 222, 273.Google Scholar
Rowan-Robinson, M., and Crawford, J. 1986, in Light on Dark Matter, ed. Israel, F. P., (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 421.Google Scholar
Ryter, C. E., and Puget, J-L. 1977, Ap. J., 215, 775.Google Scholar
Ryter, C., Puget, J-L., and Pérault, M. 1987, Ap. J., 186, 312.Google Scholar
Ryter, C., Helou, G., and Soifer, B. T. 1989, in preparation.Google Scholar
Sanders, D. B., et al. 1987, in Star Formation in Galaxies, ed. Persson, C. J., (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office), p. 411.Google Scholar
Schwartz, P. R., Thronson, H. A. Jr., Lada, C. J., Smith, H. A., Glaccum, W., Harper, D. A., and Knowles, S. H. 1983, Ap. J., 271, 625.Google Scholar
Schwering, P. B. W., 1988, , .Google Scholar
Scoville, N. Z., and Good, J. C. 1987, in Star Formation in Galaxies, ed. Persson, C. J., (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office), p. 3.Google Scholar
Soifer, B. T., Sanders, D. B., Madore, B. F., Neugebauer, G., Danielson, G. E., Elias, J. H., Lonsdale, C. J., and Rice, W. L. 1987, Ap. J., 320, 238.Google Scholar
Soifer, B. T., Houck, J. R., and Neugebauer, G. 1987, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 25, 187.Google Scholar
Soifer, B. T., Boehmer, L., Neugebauer, G., and Sanders, D. B. 1989, in preparation.Google Scholar
Sodroski, T. J., Dwek, E., Hauser, M. G., and Kerr, F. J. 1987, Ap. J., 322, 101.Google Scholar
Sodroski, T. J., Dwek, E., Hauser, M. G., and Kerr, F. 1989, Ap. J., in press.Google Scholar
Solomon, P. M., Rivolo, A. R., Mooney, T. J., Barrett, J. W., and Sage, L. J. 1987, in Star Formation in Galaxies, ed. Persson, C. J., (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office), p. 37.Google Scholar
Stark, A. A., Davidson, J. A., Platt, S., Harper, D. A., Pernic, R., Loewenstein, R., Engargiola, G., and Casey, S. 1988, preprint.Google Scholar
Telesco, C. M. 1988, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 26, 343.Google Scholar
Terebey, S. and Fich, M. 1989, in Interstellar Dust Contributed Papers, eds. Tielens, A. G. G. M. and Allamandola, L. J., NASA CP-3036.Google Scholar
Thronson, H. A., and Bally, J. 1987, Ap. J. (Letters), 319, L63.Google Scholar
Thronson, H. A., Tacconi, L., Greenhouse, M. A., Kenney, J., Tacconi-Garman, L., and Young, J. 1988, preprint.Google Scholar
Tytler, D. 1987, preprint.Google Scholar
Walterbos, R. A. M., and Schwering, P. B. W. 1987, Astr. Ap., 180, 27.Google Scholar
Weiland, J. L., Blitz, L., Dwek, E., Hauser, M. G., Magnani, L., and Rickard, L. J. 1986, Ap. J. (Letters), 306, L101.Google Scholar
Wesselius, P. R., Chlewicki, G., Laureijs, R. J. 1989, in Interstellar Dust Contributed Papers, eds. Tielens, A. G. G. M. and Allamandola, L. J., NASA CP-3036.Google Scholar
Wright, E. L. 1987, Ap. J., 320, 818.Google Scholar
Young, J. S., Schloerb, F. P., Kenney, J., and Lord, S. D. 1986, Ap. J., 304, 443.Google Scholar