Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T14:38:07.759Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The earliest O-type stars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2016

Nolan R. Walborn*
Affiliation:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

High-quality, blue-violet digital spectroscopy has been assembled of most previously known (and one new) members of the O3 class that exhibit N iv emission and N v absorption lines, with the collaboration of most specialists in the field. A detailed comparative study has led to the introduction of new spectral types O2 and O3.5 to describe the range of classification criteria present. Primary reliance has been placed on the N iv/N iii selective emission-line ratio, because of various difficulties affecting the interpretation of weak He i absorption lines in some of these spectra, which are discussed. Some representative spectra defining the new types are shown. The majority of the O2 - O3 class members reside in the LMC. Their large ranges of luminosities and masses suggest a close evolutionary connection to the WN class, as do several spectroscopic and spatial relationships. The salient characteristics of O2-O3 spectra in the ultraviolet longward of 1200 Å have been established for some time by IUE and HST data. Recently, the rich 900-1200 Å range has been well covered for the first time by FUSE; in a collaboration with its hot-star team, a comprehensive atlas of OB spectra in the Magellanic Clouds has been prepared. Several O2 stars are included, one of which is newly discovered, and some examples of these data are also shown.

Type
Part 1. Atmospheres of Massive Stars
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2003 

References

Drissen, L., Moffat, A.F.J., Walborn, N.R., Shara, M.M. 1995, AJ 110, 2235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haser, S.M., Pauldrach, A.W.A., Lennon, D.J., Kudritzki, R.-P., Lennon, M., Puls, J., Voels, S.A. 1998, A&A 330, 285.Google Scholar
Howarth, I.D., Prinja, R.K. 1989, ApJS 69, 527.Google Scholar
Massey, P., Hunter, D.A. 1998, ApJ 493, 180.Google Scholar
Mihalas, D., Hummer, D.G., Conti, P.S. 1972, ApJ (Letters) 175, L99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moos, H.W., Cash, W.C., Cowie, L.L., et al. 2000, ApJ (Letters) 538, L1.Google Scholar
Pellerin, A., Fullerton, A.W., Robert, C., Howk, J.C., Hutchings, J.B., Walborn, N.R., Bianchi, L., Crowther, P.A., Sonneborn, G. 2002, ApJS 143, 159.Google Scholar
Puls, J., Kudritzki, R.-P., Herrero, A., et al. 1996, A&A 305, 171.Google Scholar
Snow, T.P., Lamers, H., Lindholm, D.M., Odell, A.P. 1994, ApJS 95, 163.Google Scholar
Taresch, G., Kudritzki, R.-P., Hurwitz, M., et al. 1997, A&A 321, 531.Google Scholar
Walborn, N.R. 1971, ApJ (Letters) 167, L31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walborn, N.R. 1974, ApJ 189, 269.Google Scholar
Walborn, N.R. 2001, in: Gull, T.R., Johansson, S. & Davidson, K. (eds.), Eta Carinae and Other Mysterious Stars, ASP-CS 242, 217.Google Scholar
Walborn, N.R., Fullerton, A.W., Crowther, P.A., Bianchi, L., Hutchings, J.B., Pellerin, A., Sonneborn, G., Willis, A.J. 2002b, ApJS 141, 443.Google Scholar
Walborn, N.R., Howarth, I.D. 2000, PASP 112, 1446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walborn, N.R., Howarth, I.D., Lennon, D.J., Massey, P., Oey, M.S., Moffat, A.F.J., Skalkowski, G., Morrell, N.I., Drissen, L., Parker, J.Wm. 2002a, AJ 123, 2754.Google Scholar
Walborn, N.R., Lennon, D.J., Haser, S.M., Kudritzki, R.-P., Voels, S.A. 1995, PASP 107, 104.Google Scholar
Walborn, N.R., Lennon, D.J., Heap, S.R., Lindler, D.J., Smith, L.J., Evans, C.J., Parker, J.Wm. 2000, PASP 112, 1243.Google Scholar
Walborn, N.R., Nichols-Bohlin, J., Panek, R.J. 1985, International Ultraviolet Explorer Atlas of O-Type Spectra from 1200 to 1900 Å, NASA RP-1155.Google Scholar