Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-19T16:54:04.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Distribution of X-Ray Emitting Quasars in Space

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2016

G. Setti
G. Setti*
Affiliation:
European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, Garching bei München, FRG

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This review is mainly concerned with the discussion of the statistical properties of X-ray and optically selected samples of quasars and Sy 1 nuclei and their intercomparison. The inconsistencies which have been found are clearly exemplified by the discrepancy between the observed and the predicted X-ray source counts. It is shown that a satisfactory understanding of these problems has not yet been reached. The last section deals with the long debated contribution of AGNs to the extragalactic X-ray background (XRB), which is still uncertain within a factor of 2, although a lower bound of 30% at the (now convenient) energy of 2 keV can be set.

Type
Chapter X: The Distribution of X-Ray Sources and the X-Ray Background
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 124: Observational Cosmology , 1987 , pp. 579 - 592
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1987 

References

Anderson, S.F., Margon, B.: 1986, in Quasars, IAU Symp. 119, Swarup, G. and Kapahi, V.K. (eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 247.Google Scholar
Avni, Y., Tananbaum, H.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 305, 83.Google Scholar
Avni, Y., Tananbaum, H.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 262, L17.Google Scholar
Boyle, B.J., Fong, T., Shanks, T., Peterson, B.A.: 1986, in Structure and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei, Giuricin, G., Mardirossian, F., Mezzetti, M. and Ramella, M. (eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht, Astrophys. Spa. Sci. Library, Vol. 121, p. 491.Google Scholar
Braccesi, A., Formiggini, L., Gandolfi, E.: 1970, Astron. Astrophys. 5, 264.Google Scholar
Cavaliere, A., Danese, L., De Zotti, G., Franceschini, A.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys. 97, 269.Google Scholar
Chanan, G.A., Margon, B., Downes, R.A.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 243, L5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danese, L., De Zotti, G., Fasano, G., Franceschini, A.: 1986, Astron. Astrophys. 161, 1.Google Scholar
De Zotti, G., Boldt, E.A., Cavaliere, A., Danese, L., Franceschini, A., Marshall, F.E., Swank, H.J., Szymkowiak, A.E.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 253, 47.Google Scholar
Elvis, M., Green, R.F., Bechtold, J., Schmidt, M., Neugebauer, G., Soifer, B.T., Matthews, K., Fabbiano, G.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 310, in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elvis, M., Wilkes, B.W., Tananbaum, H.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 292, 357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Formiggini, L., Zitelli, V., Bonoli, F., Braccesi, A.: 1980, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 39, 129.Google Scholar
Franceschini, A., Gioia, I.M., Maccacaro, T.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 301, 124.Google Scholar
Giacconi, R., et al.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 234, L1.Google Scholar
Gioia, I.M., Maccacaro, T., Schild, R.E., Stocke, J.T., Liebert, J.W., Danziger, I.J., Kunth, D., Lub, J.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 283, 495.Google Scholar
Griffiths, R.E., et al.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 269, 375.Google Scholar
Koo, D.C.: 1986, in Structure and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei, Giuricin, G., Mardirossian, F., Mezzetti, M. and Ramella, M. (eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht, Astrophys. Spa. Sci. Library, Vol. 121, p. 317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kriss, G.A., Canizares, C.R.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 297, 177.Google Scholar
Kriss, G.A., Canizares, C.R.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 261, 51.Google Scholar
Kriss, G.A., Canizares, C.R., Ricker, G.R.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 242, 492.Google Scholar
Ku, W.H.-M., Helfand, D.J., Lucy, L.B.: 1980, Nature 288, 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maccacaro, T.: 1984, in X-Ray and UV Emission from Active Galactic Nuclei, Brinkmann, W. and Trümper, J. (eds.), MPE Report 184, 63.Google Scholar
Maccacaro, T., Gioia, I.M.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 303, 614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maccacaro, T., Gioia, I.M., Stocke, J.T.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 283, 486.Google Scholar
Maccacaro, T., et al.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 253, 504.Google Scholar
Marano, B., Zamorani, G., Zitelli, V.: 1986, in Structure and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei, Giuricin, G., Mardirossian, F., Mezzetti, M. and Ramella, M. (eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht, Astrophys. Spa. Sci. Library, Vol. 121, p. 339.Google Scholar
Margon, B., Chanan, G.A., Downes, R.A.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 253, L7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margon, B., Downes, R.A., Chanan, G.A.: 1985, Astrophys. J. (Suppl.) 59, 23.Google Scholar
Marshall, H.L., Avni, Y., Braccesi, A., Huchra, J.P., Tananbaum, H., Zamorani, G., Zitelli, V.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 283, 50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mushotzky, R.F.: 1984, in High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmology, COSPAR/IAU Symp., Bignami, G.F. and Sunjaev, R.A. (eds.), Advances in Space Research, Vol. 3, p. 157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piccinotti, R., Mushotzky, R.F., Boldt, E.A., Holt, S.S., Marshall, F.E., Serlemitsos, P.J., Shafer, R.A.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 253, 485.Google Scholar
Primini, F.A., et al.: 1986, in preparation.Google Scholar
Reichert, G.A., Mason, K.O., Thorstensen, J.R., Bowyer, S.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 260, 437.Google Scholar
Richstone, D.O., Schmidt, M.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 235, 361.Google Scholar
Schmidt, M.: 1987, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Schmidt, M., Green, R.F.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 305, 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, M., Green, R.F.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 269, 352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Setti, G.: 1984, in X-Ray and UV Emission from Active Galactic Nuclei, Brinkmann, W. and Trümper, J. (eds.), MPE Report 184, 243.Google Scholar
Setti, G., Woltjer, L.: 1982, in Astrophysical Cosmology, Bruck, H. A., Coyne, G. V. and Longair, M. S. (eds.), Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, Vatican City, p. 315.Google Scholar
Stocke, J.T., Liebert, J., Gioia, I.M., Griffiths, R.E., Maccacaro, T., Danziger, I.J., Kunth, D., Lub, J.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 273, 458.Google Scholar
Tananbaum, H., Avni, Y., Green, R.F., Schmidt, M., Zamorani, G.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 305, 57.Google Scholar
Tananbaum, H., Wardle, J.F.C., Zamorani, G., Avni, Y.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 268, 60.Google Scholar
Tananbaum, H., et al.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 234, L9.Google Scholar
Wampler, E.J., Ponz, D.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 298, 448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woltjer, L., Setti, G.: 1982, in Astrophysical Cosmology, Bruck, H. A., Coyne, G. V. and Longair, M. S. (eds.), Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, Vatican City, p. 293.Google Scholar
Zamorani, G.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 299, 814.Google Scholar
Zamorani, G.: 1984, in X-Ray Astronomy '84, Oda, M. and Giacconi, R. (eds.), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Tokyo, p. 419.Google Scholar
Zamorani, G., et al.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 245, 357.Google Scholar