Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-rvbq7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T23:32:13.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The [AN] Isotropy of the X-Ray Sky

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2017

R. A. Shafer
Affiliation:
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maryland, U.S.A. (currently at Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K.)
A. C. Fabian
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K.

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In this presentation we show how the study of the isotropy of the X-ray sky contributes to our understanding of the structure of the universe at moderate redshifts (1≲z<<zrecombination). Actually, the anisotropy of the sky flux provides the information, much as the microwave sky anisotropy does for earlier epochs. [See reports in this volume.] Though we are currently unable to make measurements with the precision and small solid angles typically achieved in the microwave, comparatively crude limits from the X-ray fluctuations place limits on the largest scale structure of the universe. We first outline the measurements of the X-ray sky and its anisotropies made with the HEAO 1 A-2 experiment. Detailed presentations are found elsewhere [Shafer 1982; Marshall et al. 1980; Piccinotti et. al. 1982; Iwan et al. 1982; Shafer et al. in prep.]. We then show how the anisotropies place limits on the origin of the X-ray sky and on any large scale structure of the universe, following the example of previous analyses which used earlier anisotropy estimates [see e.g. Fabian and Rees 1978; Rees 1980; Fabian 1981].

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1983 

References

Avni, Y., 1978, Astron. Astrophys., 63, L13.Google Scholar
Boldt, Elihu, 1981, Comments Astrophys., 9, 97.Google Scholar
Bookbinder, J., Cowie, L.L., Krolik, J.H., Ostriker, J.P. & Rees, M.J., 1980, Ap.J., 237, 647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boughn, S.P., Cheng, E.S. & Wilkinson, D.T., 1981, Ap.J. (Lett.), 243, L113.Google Scholar
Carr, B.J., 1980, Nature, 284, 326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Condon, J.J., 1974, Ap. J., 188, 279.Google Scholar
Condon, J.J., & Dressel, L.L., 1978, Ap.J., 222, 745.Google Scholar
de Zotti, G., 1982a, Acta Cosmol., II, 65.Google Scholar
de Zotti, G., Boldt, E.A., Cavaliere, A., Danese, L., Franceschini, A., Marshall, F.E., Swank, J.H. & Szymkowiak, A.E., 1982, Ap.J., 253, 47.Google Scholar
Dube, R.R., Wickes, W.C. & Wilkinson, D.T., 1979, Ap.J., 232, 333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabbri, R., Guidi, I., Melchiorri, F. & Natale, V., 1980, Phys. Rev. Lett., 44, 1563. (Erratum in 45, 401).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabian, A.C., 1975, M.N.R.A.S., 172, 149.Google Scholar
Fabian, A.C., & Rees, M.J., 1978, M.N.R.A.S., 185, 109.Google Scholar
Fabian, A.C., 1981, in Ramaty, and Jones, (eds.), 10th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, Ann. N.Y. Acad., Sci., 375, 235.Google Scholar
Fichtel, C.E. & Trombka, J.I., 1981, Gamma Ray Astrophysics, NASA SP-453, (Government Printing Office: Washington).Google Scholar
Field, G.B., & Perrenod, S.C., 1977, Ap.J., 215, 717.Google Scholar
Giacconi, R., Bechtold, J., Branduardi, B., Forman, W., Henry, J.P., Jones, C., Kellogg, E., van der Laan, H., Liller, W., Marshall, H., Murray, S.S., Pye, J., Schreier, E., Sargent, W.L.W., Seward, F. & Tananbaum, H., 1979, Ap.J.(Lett.), 234, L1.Google Scholar
Gorenstein, M.V., & Smoot, G.F., 1981, Ap.J., 244, 361.Google Scholar
Iwan, D., Marshall, F.E., Boldt, E.A., Mushotzky, R.F., Shafer, R.A. & Stottlemyer, A., 1982, Ap.J., 260, 111.Google Scholar
Leiter, D. & Boldt, E., 1982, Ap.J., 260, 1.Google Scholar
Longair, M.S., 1978, in Gunn, , Longair, & Rees, Observational Cosmology, (Geneva Observatory: Sauverny, Switzerland).Google Scholar
Maccacaro, T., Avni, Y., Gioia, I.M., Giommi, P., Liebert, J., Stocke, J., Danziger, J., 1982, Ap.J., subm.Google Scholar
Marshall, F.E., Boldt, E.A., Holt, S.S., Miller, R., Mushotzky, R.F., Rose, L.A., Rothschild, R. & Serlemitsos, P., 1980, Ap. J., 235, 4.Google Scholar
Mushotzky, R.F., Serlemitsos, P.J., Smith, B.W., Boldt, E.A. & Holt, S.S., 1978, Ap.J., 194, 1.Google Scholar
Mushotzky, R.F., Marshall, F.E., Boldt, E.A., Holt, S.S. & Serlemitsos, P.J., 1980, Ap.J., 235, 377.Google Scholar
Paresce, F., McKee, C.F. & Bowyer, S., 1980, Ap.J., 240, 387.Google Scholar
Piccinotti, G., Mushotzky, R.F., Boldt, E.A., Holt, S.S., Marshall, F.E., Serlemitsos, P.J. & Shafer, R.A., 1982, Ap.J., 253, 485.Google Scholar
Peebles, P.J.E., 1980, The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe, (Princeton University Press: Princeton).Google Scholar
Protheroe, R.J., Wolfendale, A.W. & Wdowczyk, J., 1980, M.N.R.A.S., 192, 445.Google Scholar
Pye, J.P. & Warwick, R.S., 1979, M.N.R.A.S., 187, 905.Google Scholar
Rees, M.J., 1980, in Abell, and Peebles, (eds.), Objects at High Redshifts, I.A.U. Symp. 92, 209, (D. Reidel: Dordrecht).Google Scholar
Rothschild, R., Boldt, E., Holt, S., Serlemitsos, P., Garmire, G., Agrawal, P., Riegler, G., Bowyer, S. & Lampton, M., 1979, Space Sci. Inst., 4, 269.Google Scholar
Rothschild, R.E., Mushotzky, R.F., Baity, W.A., Gruber, D.E. & Matteson, J.L., 1983, Ap.J., submit.Google Scholar
Scheuer, P.A.G. 1957, Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 53, 764.Google Scholar
Schwartz, D.A., Murray, S.S., Gursky, H., 1976, Ap.J., 204, 315.Google Scholar
Schwartz, D.A., 1980, Physica Scripta, 21, 644.Google Scholar
Shafer, R.A., 1982, , University of Maryland.Google Scholar
Shafer, R.A., et al., 1983, in prep.Google Scholar
Warwick, R.S., Pye, J.P. & Fabian, A.C., 1980. M.N.R.A.S., 190, 243.Google Scholar
Zamorani, G., Henry, J.P., Maccacaro, T., Tananbaum, H., Soltan, A., Avni, Y., Lieber, J., Stocke, J., Strittmatter, P.A., Weymann, R.J., Smith, M.G., Condon, J.J., 1981, Ap.J., 245, 357.Google Scholar