Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m42fx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T19:07:12.383Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Testing the Two Directions of the Work–Family Interface: A Diary Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2021

Larissa Maria David Gabardo-Martins Open the ORCID record for Larissa Maria David Gabardo-Martins [Opens in a new window] ,
Maria Cristina Ferreira Open the ORCID record for Maria Cristina Ferreira [Opens in a new window]  and
Felipe Valentini Open the ORCID record for Felipe Valentini [Opens in a new window]
Larissa Maria David Gabardo-Martins
Affiliation:
1Universidade Salgado de Oliveira (Brazil)
Maria Cristina Ferreira
Affiliation:
1Universidade Salgado de Oliveira (Brazil)
Felipe Valentini
Affiliation:
2Universidade São Francisco (Brazil)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The work–family interface can be viewed as a process in which daily fluctuations in work demands and resources influence family functioning and behavior, and vice versa. This study aimed to test the daily processes of both directions of the work–family interface through two studies. The first study consisted of 103 male and female workers from 17 Brazilian states. The participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 61 years (M = 33.68; SD = 9.13). Each participant answered a daily questionnaire over the course of 10 days, totaling 1,030 answers. The second study’s sample consisted of 101 male and female workers from 15 states in Brazil. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 62 years (M = 33.77; SD = 8.46). Each participant answered the daily questionnaire over the course of ten days, with the number of answers totaling 1,010. The first study showed that at the daily level, perceived work-related demands and social support at work were significantly related to family satisfaction. The second study indicated that at the daily level, perceived family demands and family social support showed significant associations with job satisfaction. Positive affect had a mediating role in these relationships, whereas the use of problem-solving coping strategies had a moderating role. Both studies also showed that the relationships identified remain significant when the variables were tested at different times: independent variables, mediating variable and moderator variable on one day, and the dependent variable on the following day. Day-to-day implications for organizations are discussed, and suggestions for a future research agenda on the work–family interface are presented.

Keywords

contextual demandscontextual resourcespersonal resourceswell-beingwork–family interface
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 24 , 2021 , e38
Copyright
© Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Funding Statement: This research was supported by the CAPES (Gabardo-Martins, Process Number 88882.365877/2019–01)

Conflicts of Interest: None

References

Achour, M., Boerhannoeddin, A. B., & Khan, A. (2011). Religiosity as a moderator of work-family demands and employees well-being. African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 4955–4960.Google Scholar
Achour, M., Grine, F., MohdNor, M. R. M., & MohdYusoff, M. Y. Z. (2015). Measuring religiosity and its effects on personal well-being: A case study of Muslim female academicians in Malaysia. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(3), 984–997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9852-0.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, T. D., Cho, E., & Meier, L. L. (2014). Work-family boundary dynamics. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 99–121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Araújo, C., & Veiga, A. (2015). Domesticidade, trabalho e satisfação pessoal: Horas no trabalho doméstico e bem-estar no Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Domesticity, labor and. personal satisfaction: Hours of housework and well-being in the state of Rio de Janeiro]. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Políticas, 18, 179–209. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-335220151807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aryee, S., Fields, D., & Luk, V. (1999). A cross-cultural test of a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Management, 25(4), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakker, A. B., Du, D., & Derks, D. (2019). Major life events in family life, work engagement, and performance: A test of the Work-Home Resources Model. International Journal of Stress Management, 26(3), 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyar, S. L., Carr, J. C., Mosley, D. C. Jr. & Carson, C. M. (2007). The development and validation of scores on Perceived Work and Family Demand Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67(1), 100–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164406288173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosch, E., & Binnewies, C. (2018). A diary study on predictors of the work-life interface: The role of time pressure, psychological climate and positive affective states. Management Revue: Socio-Economic Studies, 29(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2018-1-55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2 nd Ed). Routledge.Google Scholar
Carlson, D. S., Hunter, E. M., Ferguson, M., & Whitten, D. (2014). Work-family enrichment and satisfaction: Mediating processes and relative impact of originating and receiving domains. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 40(3), 296–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311414429.Google Scholar
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A., & Voydanoff, P. (2010). Does home life interfere with or facilitate performance? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 19(2), 128–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320902930939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, D. H., & Glick, W. H. (1998). Common methods bias: Does common methods variance really bias results? Organizational Research Methods, 1(4), 374–406. http://doi.org/10.1177/109442819814002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, D., Derks, D., & Bakker, A. (2018). Daily spillover from family to work: A test of the Work-Home Resources Model. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(2), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0cp000073.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eby, L. T., Casper, W. J., Lockwood, A., Bordeaux, C., & Brinley, A. (2005). Work and family research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980–2002). Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(1), 124–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.11.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48 (1), 150–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647–654. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frese, M. (1986). Coping as a moderator and mediator between stress at work and psychosomatic complaints. In Appley, M. H. & Trumbull, R. (Eds.), Dynamics of stress (pp. 183–206). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5122-1_10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabardo-Martins, L. M. D., Ferreira, M. C., & Valentini, F. (2021). Work context and family well-being: The role of psychological capital and the organizational culture. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Gabardo-Martins, L. M. D., & Ferreira, M. C. (2019). Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Demandas Percebidas do Trabalho e da Família [Psychometric properties of Perceived Work and Family Demand Scale]. Avaliação Psicológica, 18(3), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.15689/ap.2019.1803.16152.07.Google Scholar
Gabardo-Martins, L. M. D., Ferreira, M. C., & Valentini, F. (2017a). Family resources and flourishing at work: The role of core self-evaluations. Paidéia, 27(68), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272768201711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabardo-Martins, L. M. D., Ferreira, M. C., & Valentini, F. (2017b). Propriedades psicométricas da Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido [Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support]. Temas em Psicologia, 25(4), 1873–1883. https://doi.org/10.9788/tp2017.4-18pt.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gatrell, C. J., Burnett, S. B., Cooper, C. L., & Sparrow, P. (2014). Parents, perceptions and belonging: Exploring flexible working among UK fathers and mothers. British Journal of Management, 25(3), 473–487. http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geurts, S. A., & Sonnentag, S. (2006). Recovery as an explanatory mechanism in the relation be-tween acute stress reactions and chronic health impairment. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 32(6), 482–492. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhaus, J., Callanan, G. A., & Godshalk, V. M. (2000). Inventory of Work-Family Conflict. In Greenhaus, J. H., Callanan, G. A., & Godshalk, V. M. (Eds.), Career management (3 rd Ed.). Dryden.Google Scholar
Grzywacz, J., & Bass, B. (2003). Work, family, and mental health: Testing different models of work-family fit. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(1), 248–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00248.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haar, J. M., Roche, M., & ten Brummelhuis, L. (2018). A daily diary study of work-life balance in managers: Utilizing a daily process model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(18), 2659–2681. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1314311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heck, R. H., & Thomas, S. L. (2009). An introduction to multilevel modeling techniques (2 nd Ed.). Routledge.Google Scholar
Hox, J. J., & Bechger, T. M. (1998). An introduction to structural equation modeling. Family Science Review, 11(4), 354–373.Google Scholar
Ilies, R., Wilson, K. S., & Wagner, D. T. (2009). The spillover of daily job satisfaction onto employees’ family lives: The facilitating role of work-family integration. The Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.36461938.Google Scholar
Karasek, R. A., & Theörell, T. (1990). Healthy work-stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. Basic Books.Google Scholar
Kim, E. S., Dedrick, R. F., Cao, C., & Ferron, J. M. (2016). Multilevel factor analysis: Reporting guidelines and a review of reporting practices. Multivariate Behavior Research, 51(6), 881–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2016.1228042.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S, & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer.Google Scholar
Liu, J., Kwan, H. K., Lee, C., & Hui, C. (2013). Work-to-family spillover effects of workplace ostracism: The role of work-home segmentation preferences. Human Resource Management, 52(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez-Corts, I., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A., & Boz, M. (2015). Spillover of interpersonal conflicts from work into nonwork: A daily diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(3), 326–337. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Novaes, V. P., Ferreira, M. C., & Valentini, F. (2018). Psychological flexibility as a moderator of the relationships between job demands and resources and occupational well-being. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 21, Article E11. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2018.14 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parvin, M. M., & Kabir, M. M. N. (2011). Factors affecting employee job satisfaction of pharmaceutical sector. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 113–123. http://ajbmr.com/articlepdf/AJBMR_19_23i1n9a13a.pdf.Google Scholar
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2003). Well-being (Including life satisfaction). In Fernández-Ballesteros, R. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychological Assessment (Vol. 2, pp. 1097–1101). Sage. http://doi.org/10.4135/9780857025753.n232.Google Scholar
Pereira, A. V., Vieira, J. M., & Matos, P. M. (2017). Interface trabalho-família, vinculação romântica e parentalidade [Work-family interface, romantic attachment and parenting]. Análise Psicológica, 35(1), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.1071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interaction effects in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31(4), 437–448. https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986031004437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savóia, M. G., Santana, P. R., & Mejias, N. P. (1996). Adaptação do Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus para o português [The adaptation of Coping Strategies Inventory by Folkman and Lazarus into Portuguese]. Psicologia USP, 7(1–2), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-51771996000100009.Google Scholar
Silva, A. P. C., & Ferreira, M. C. (2009, July, 29–August 01). Escala de Satisfação Geral no Trabalho [Overall Job Satisfaction Scale] [Paper presentation]. IV Brazilian Congress of Psychological Assessment. Campinas, Brazil. https://www.ibapnet.org.br/congresso2009/ResumosPaineis.pdf.Google Scholar
Skomorovsky, A, Hujaleh, F, & Wolejszo, S (2015). Intimate partner violence in the Canadian Armed Forces: The role of family stress and its impact on well-being. Military Medicine, 180(7), 809–816. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slöetjes, T. (2012). Personal resources in the Job Demands-Resources model: The influence of proactive behavior, assertiveness, and worker flexibility [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Utrecht University.Google Scholar
Song, G., Kong, F., & Jin, W. (2013). Mediating effects of core self-evaluations on the relationship between social support and life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1161–1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0195-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spector, P. E. (2006). Method variance in organizational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods, 9(2), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428105284955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamayo, M. R., Pinheiro, F. A., Tróccoli, B. T., & Paz, M. G. T. (2000, July 9–14). Construção e validação da Escala de Suporte Organizacional Percebido (ESOP) [Construction and validation of the Perceived Organizational Support Scale] [Paper presentation]. 52ndAnnual Meeting of Brazilian Society for the Progress. Brasília, Brazil.Google Scholar
Tement, S. (2014). The role of personal and key resources in the family-to-work enrichment process. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55(5), 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). A resource perspective on the work-home interface: The Work-Home Resources Model. American Psychologist, 67(7), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027974.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., ter Hoeven, C. L., Bakker, A. B., & Peper, A. (2011). Breaking through the loss cycle of burnout: The role of motivation. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(2), 268–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02019.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, C. A, & Prottas, D. J (2006). Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 100–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valentini, F., Mourão, L., & Franco, V. R. (2018). Modelos latentes e slopes randômicos para análise de moderação e mediação [Latent models and random slopes for testing moderation and mediation]. Avaliação Psicológica, 17(4), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.15689/ap.2018.1704.4.04.Google Scholar
Zanon, C., Bastianello, M. R., Pacico, J. C., & Hutz, C. S. (2013). Desenvolvimento e validação de uma Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos [Development and validation of a Positive and Negative Affect Scale]. Psico-USF, 18(2), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-82712013000200003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar