Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-5lx2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-30T19:36:50.041Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Measuring Affect at Work Based on the Valence and Arousal Circumplex Model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 July 2014

Hector P. Madrid  and
Malcolm G. Patterson
Hector P. Madrid*
Affiliation:
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Malcolm G. Patterson
Affiliation:
University of Sheffield (UK)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Hector P. Madrid. Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436 (Chile). E-mail: hpmadrid@uc.cl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Affective states have become a central topic of interest in research on organizational behavior. Recently, scholars have been paying more attention to the proposals of the Circumplex Model (Russell, 1980) in order to gain a finer grained understanding of job-related affect. However, the limited availability of well-validated measures to test this model in work settings, particularly in non English-speaking populations, is still a major drawback. Using three samples of English-speaking and Spanish-speaking workers, this article offers the cross-validation of the Multi-Affect Indicator (Warr, 2007) between the original English version and its corresponding translation into Spanish. Multi-group Structural Equation Modeling supported the instrument’s structure and its invariance between the two languages (English: χ2 = 65.56, df = 48, p = .05; RMSEA = .06; CFI = .97; Spanish: χ2 = 68.68, df = 48, p = .03; RMSEA = .05; CFI = .97). Furthermore, Circular Stochastic Modeling supported the theoretically proposed circumplex representation (χ2 = 139.85, df = 51, p < .01; χ2/df = 2.74, RMSEA = .06). Thus, this study offers an instrument that provides a more accurate approximation to affect at work, both in English and in another of the major language communities in the world, the Spanish-speaking population.

Keywords

job-related affectcircumplex modelSpanishEnglishscales
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 17 , 2014 , E50
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beal, D. J., Weiss, H. M., Barros, E., & MacDermid, S. M. (2005). An episodic process model of affective influences on performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1054–1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1054 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los cinco grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait method analyses of the big five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 729–750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.75.3.729 Google Scholar
Bindl, U., Parker, S. K., Totterdell, P., & Hagger-Johnson, G. (2012). Fuel of the self-starter: How mood relates to proactive goal regulation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 134–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024368 Google Scholar
Birnbaum, M. H. (2004). Human research and data collection via the internet. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 803–832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141601 Google Scholar
Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135156 Google Scholar
Brislin, R. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301 Google Scholar
Browne, M. W. (1992). Circumplex models for correlation-matrices. Psychometrika, 57, 469–497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02294416 Google Scholar
Byrne, B. M. (2012). Structural equation modeling with mplus. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar
Cifre, E., & Salanova, M. (2002). Multidimensionality and bipolarity of a Spanish version of Warr's (1990) well-being measures. Journal of Psychology, 136, 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980209604139 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.124.2.197 Google Scholar
Howell, R. T., Rodzon, K. S., Kurai, M., & Sanchez, A. H. (2010). A validation of well-being and happiness surveys for administration via the internet . Behavior Research Methods , 42, 775–784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/brm.42.3.775 Google Scholar
Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain - Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392498 Google Scholar
Kline, R. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: The Gilford Press.Google Scholar
Larsen, R. J., & Diener, E. (1992). Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion. In Clark, M. S. (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology: Emotion (Vol. 13). Newburry Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. P. (2009). Ethnologue languages of the world. Dallas, TX: SIL International Publications.Google Scholar
Mullarkey, S. , D. , W. T., Warr, P. B., Clegg, C. W., & Stride, C. (1999). Measures of job satisfaction, mental health and job-related well-being. Sheffield, UK: Institute of Work Psychology and ESRC Centre for Organization and Innovation.Google Scholar
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2010). Mplus user’s guide. Los Angeles, CA: Author.Google Scholar
Parker, S. K., Bindl, U., & Strauss, K. (2010). Making things happen: A model of proactive motivation. Journal of Management, 36, 827–856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206310363732 Google Scholar
Parkinson, B. (1996). Emotions are social. British Journal of Psychology, 87, 663–683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02615.x Google Scholar
Parkinson, B. (2011). How social is the social psychology of emotion? British Journal of Social Psychology, 50, 405–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02034.x Google Scholar
Posner, J., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. S. (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 715–734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050340 Google Scholar
Remington, N. A., Fabrigar, L. R., & Visser, P. S. (2000). Reexamining the circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.79.2.286 Google Scholar
Robles, R., & Paez, F. (2003). Study of Spanish translation and psychometric properties of the positive and negative affect scales (PANAS). Salud Mental, 26, 69–75.Google Scholar
Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161–1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0077714 Google Scholar
Sandin, B., Chorot, P., Lostao, L., Joiner, T. E., Santed, M. A., & Valiente, R. M. (1999). The PANAS scales of positive and negative affect: Factor analytic validation and cross-cultural convergence. Psicothema, 11, 37–51.Google Scholar
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Muller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Test of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8, 23–74.Google Scholar
Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2002). Cultural influences on the relation between pleasant emotions and unpleasant emotions: Asian dialectic philosophies or individualism-collectivism? Cognition & Emotion, 16, 705–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000590 Google Scholar
Seo, M. G., Barrett, L. F., & Bartunek, J. M. (2004). The role of affective experience in work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29, 423–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2004.13670972 Google Scholar
Seo, M. G., Barrett, L. F., & Sirkwoo, J. (2008). The structure of affect: History, theory, and implications for emotion research in organizations. In Ashkanasy, N. & Cooper, C. D. (Eds.), Research companion to emotion in organizations. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Seo, M. G., Bartunek, J. M., & Barrett, L. F. (2010). The role of affective experience in work motivation: Test of a conceptual model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 951–968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.655 Google Scholar
Skitka, L. J., & Sargis, E. G. (2006). The internet as psychological laboratory. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 529–555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190048 Google Scholar
Schmukle, S. C., & Egloff, B. (2009). Exploring bipolarity of affect ratings by using polychoric correlations. Cognition & Emotion, 23, 272–295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930801987330 Google Scholar
Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior. Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 269–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00049-9 Google Scholar
Totterdell, P., & Niven, K. (2012). Momentary affective states: Moods and discrete emotions. In Weiss, H. M. (Ed.), Handbook of work attitudes and affect. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1359–1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384 Google Scholar
Van Katwyk, P. T., Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Using the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale (JAWS) to investigate affective responses to work stressors. Journal Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 219–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//1076-8998.5.2.219 Google Scholar
Wall, T. D., Jackson, P. R., Mullarkey, S., & Parker, S. K. (1996). The demands-control model of job strain: A more specific test. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 153–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00607.x Google Scholar
Warr, P. (1990). The measurement of well-being and other aspects of mental-health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00521.x Google Scholar
Warr, P. (1999). Well-being and the workplace. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwartz, N. (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Warr, P. (2007). Work, happiness and unhapiness. New Jersey, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Warr, P. (2013). How to think about and measure psychological well-being. In Sinclair, R. R., Wang, M., & Tetrick, L. E. (Eds.), Research methods in occupational health psychology. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Warr, P., Bindl, U., Parker, S. K. & Inceoglu, I. (2013). Four-quadrant investigation of job-related affects and behaviors. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 233, 342–363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.744449 Google Scholar
Warr, P., & Parker, S. K. (2010). IWP multi-affect indicator. (Unpublished instrument). Sheffield, UK: Institute of Work Psychology, University of Sheffield.Google Scholar
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). On traits and temperament - General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the 5-factor model. Journal of Personality, 60, 441–476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00980.x Google Scholar
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect - The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063 Google Scholar
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. In Staw, B. M. & Cummings, L. L. (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 18, pp. 1–74). Greenwich, UK: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Yik, M., Russell, J. A., & Steiger, J. H. (2011). A 12-point circumplex structure of core affect. Emotion, 11, 705–731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023980 Google Scholar