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A Comparison of Implicit Memory Tests in Schizophrenic Patients and Normal Controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

María José Soler ,
Juan Carlos Ruiz ,
Inmaculada Fuentes  and
Pilar Tomás
María José Soler*
Affiliation:
Universitat de València
Juan Carlos Ruiz
Affiliation:
Universitat de València
Inmaculada Fuentes
Affiliation:
Universitat de València
Pilar Tomás
Affiliation:
Centro de Rehabilitación e Inserción Social de Enfermos Mentales de Velluters. Conselleria de Bienestar Social de la Generalitat Valenciana y Eulen Servicios Sociosanitarios
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to María José Soler, Departamento de Psicología Básica., Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 – Valencia (Spain). E-mail: Maria.J.Soler@uv.es
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Abstract

The objective of the current study was to compare the performance of schizophrenic patients and normal controls on implicit memory tests. Two neuropsychological tasks were administered to 29 patients and normal participant samples. The implicit tests were: Word fragment completion and Word production from semantic categories. The priming score was the variable of interest. Priming effects are obtained in normal subjects and schizophrenia patients, regardless of the implicit test used. However, a dissociation in priming between normal and patient groups was observed, depending on the test used. For word fragment test, priming was identical between the two groups. However, for word production, priming obtained in schizophrenics was lower than priming in normal controls. Results confirm a dissociation effect in implicit memory tests. These results could be explained in the context of the Roediger and Blaxton (1987) distinction between data-driven and conceptually-driven processing. This evidence suggests that a complete neuropsychological assessment of memory in schizophrenia should include different kinds of implicit memory tests (procedural, perceptual, and conceptual tasks).

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la ejecución de pacientes esquizofrénicos y controles no clínicos en tests de memoria implícita. Se administraron dos pruebas neuropsicológicas a una muestra de 29 pacientes y a dos muestras de participantes no clínicos. Los tests implícitos fueron: Completar fragmentos de palabras y Generación de ejemplares de categorías semánticas. La variable de interés fue la facilitación. Los efectos de facilitación se obtienen en sujetos no clínicos y en pacientes esquizofrénicos, independientemente del test implícito que se utilice. Sin embargo, se ha observado una disociación en la facilitación entre grupos de controles y pacientes, dependiendo del test utilizado. En tests de fragmentos de palabras la facilitación es idéntica en los dos grupos. Sin embargo, en producción de palabras, la facilitación obtenida en esquizofrénicos es menor que la facilitación en controles. Los resultados confirman la existencia de un efecto disociativo en tests de memoria implícita. Estos resultados podrían explicarse en el contexto de la distinción de Roediger y Blaxton (1987) entre procesamiento guiado por los datos y procesamiento guiado conceptualmente. Esta evidencia sugiere que la evaluación neuropsicológica de la memoria en la esquizofrenia debería incluir distintos tipos de pruebas de memoria implícita (procedimentales, perceptuales, y conceptuales).

Keywords

primingimplicit memoryschizophreniamemory impairmentfacilitaciónmemoria implícitaesquizofreniadaños en memoria
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , November 2007 , pp. 423 - 429
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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