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Three Notes on the Social History of Kievan Russia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2017

George Vernadsky
George Vernadsky*
Affiliation:
Yale University
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Extract

The So-Called Expanded Version of the Russian Law (Lex Russica, Pravda Russkaya) consists of three parts: the revised Pravda of Yaroslav's Sons; Vladimir Monomach's Statute; and some supplementary enactments. It is at the end of the third part that clauses dealing with slaves and grantees are placed (Sections 110–121). Some students of Russian legal history call this collection of articles a special “Statute on Slavery” to correspond to Vladimir Monomach's “Statue on indentured laborers” (Zakup). It may be dated in the second half of the 12th century, possibly in the reign of Prince Rostislav of Smolensk and Kiev (1160–67).

Type
Research Article
Information
Slavonic and East European Review American Series , Volume 3 , Issue 4 , December 1944 , pp. 81 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1944

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References

1 Pravda Russkaja, ed. B. D. Grekov, Vol. I (Moscow-Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., 1940); hereafter quoted as Grekov). For comments on the Expanded Version of the Pravda the Trinity copy has been used (Grekov, pp. 104–117); for the Short Version, the Academy Copy (Grekov, pp. 70–73). I have prepared an English translation of both versions, to appear in “Records of Civilization.” Among the recent studies on the Pravda Russkaya as well as on the social history of Kievan Russia at large the following three books are of particular importance: Grekov, B. D., Kievskaja Rus’ (3d ed., Moscow-Leningrad, 1939; 4th ed., Moscow-Leningrad, 1944Google Scholar; the page references below are to the 3ded.); Yushkov, S. V., Narysy z istorii vynyknennia i počatkovogo rozvilku feodalizma v Kyivs'kii Rusi (Kiev, 1940)Google Scholar (hereafter quoted as Yushkov, Narysy); and Tikhomirov, M. N., Issledovanie o Russkoi Pravde (Moscow-Leningrad, 1941)Google Scholar.

2 On slaves in Kievan Russia see Grekov, Kievskaja Rus', pp. 107–114; Yushkov, Narysy, pp. 48–53; Yakovlev, A., Cholopstovo i Cholopy v Moskovskom gosudarslve, I (Moscow-Leningrad, 1943), 8–22 Google Scholar.

3 Vladimirski-Budanov, M. F., Obzor islorii russkogo prava (7th ed., Petrograd-Kiev, 1915), p. 401 Google Scholar; A. V. Solovyov, in his review of A. B. Efron's book (quoted in Note 6 below), Annales de l'Institut Kondakov, XI (1940), 288.

4 Dyakonov, M. A., Očerki obščeslvennogo i gosvdarsliiennogo stroja drevnei Rusi (4th ed., St. Petersburg, 1912), pp. 105–106 Google Scholar; L. K. Goetz, Das Russische Recht, III (Stuttgart, 1912), 418–422.

5 Solovyov, loc. cit.

6 Efron, A. B., Etjudy po istorii russkogo juridičeskogo byta, I (Brussels, 1939), 125–132 Google Scholar (hereafter quoted as Efron, Etjudy).

7 Vladimirski-Budanov, Obzor, p. 401; Sergeevich, V. I., Drevnosti russkogo prava, I (3d ed., St. Petersburg, 1909), 145 Google Scholar.

8 On “grant” (dača) and “grantee” (vdač) see Grekov, Kievskaja Rus', pp. 124–125.

9 Saturnik, T., Přspêvsky k šiřeni Byzantského práva u Slovanu (Prague, 1922)Google Scholar, Appendix, pp. 143–164 (hereafter quoted as Saturnik).

10 Gilferding, A. (Hilferding), Islorija baltiiskich Slavjan (St. Petersburg, 1874), pp. 131–132 Google Scholar. Cf. Pervolf, I., Germanizatsija baltiiskich Slavjan (St. Petersburg, 1876), p. 226 Google Scholar.

11 Hasselbach et Kosengarten, Codex Pomeraniae Diplomaticus (Greifswald, 1862), No. 276, as quoted by Hilferding, p. 132.

12 On smerdi see Grekov, Kievskaja Rus', pp. 125–142; Yushkov, Narysy, pp. 71–95; Rydzevskaya, E. A., “Slovo smerd v toponimike,” Problemy Istočnikovedenija, II (1936), 5–16 Google Scholar; also Yushkov, Feodalnye otnošenija i Kievskaja Rus’ (Saratov, 1925), pp. 33–60.

13 See Vernadsky, G., Ancient Russia (Yale University Press, 1943)Google Scholar.

14 Efron, Etjudy, pp. 105–169.

15 Yushkov, S. V., Editor, Pravda Rus'ka (Kiev: the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1935), pp. 137–168.Google Scholar

16 Cf. Efron, Etjudy, p. 120.

17 For the Slavic translation of the Nomos Georgikos see A. S. Pavlov, “Knigi Zakonnye,” Sbornik of the Section of the Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences, XXXVIII (1885), No. 3, pp. 42–62.

18 Saturnik, p. 156.

19 Constantine Porphyrogenitus, “De Administrando Imperio,” chapters 2 and 37, Migne, Palrologia Graeca, CXIII, cols. 161 and 313.

20 On izgoi see Grekov; Kievskaja Rus', pp. 142–150; Yushkov, Narysy, pp. 103–106; M. Szeftel, “La condition juridique des déclassés dans la Russie ancienne,” Archives d'histoire du Droil Oriental, II (Brussels-Paris, 1938), 431–440.

* The two forms are actually not connected, since izgois (cf. išgojimas) should be related to góti (“walk slowly”).

21 Efron, Eljudy, pp. 19–104.

22 Solovyov (as quoted in Note 3, above), p. 285.

23 Vladimirski-Budanov, M. F., Khristomatija po istorii russkogo prava, I (6th ed., St. Petersburg-Kiev, 1908), 209 Google Scholar.

24 Vladimirski-foudanov, Khristomatija, I, 222–223.

25 Grekov, Kievskaja Rus', p. 147.

26 Miller, V. F., Oselinsko-russko-nemetskii slovar', II (Leningrad, 1929), 640 Google Scholar.

27 See Tikhomirov (as quoted in Note 1, above), p. 81.