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Lenin on Disarmament

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2017

Walter C. Clemens Jr.
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Extract

Charges from Peking that Moscow no longer follows the true Leninist position on disarmament are probably among the reasons why Moscow is now publishing new documentary and interpretive material concerning Lenin's views on disarmament and other issues of war and peace. The new materials, coupled with other documents long available, make this an opportune time to review the development of Lenin's views on disarmament and their effect on Soviet policy during his lifetime.

Type
Articles
Information
Slavic Review , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , September 1964 , pp. 504 - 525
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. 1964

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References

1 The Slavonic Review, XXXVI (Dec, 1957), pp. 198-204. D. Cizevskii (“Tjutcev und die deutsche Romantik,” Zeitschrift fur slavische Philologie, IV [1927], 299-323), D. Stremooukhoff (La Poesie et I'idiologie de Tiouttchev [Paris, 1937], pp. 27-71 passim), and V. SetschkarefF (Schellings Einfluss in der russischen Literatur der 20er und 30er Jahre des XIX Jahrhunderts [Leipzig, 1939], pp. 99-106), have all considered the influence of Schelling's philosophy on Tiutchev—Setschkareff in some detail. Until the appearance of Professor Matlaw's article, however, no attempt had been made to link either the imagery or the “ideology” of “Dream at Sea” to Schelling.

2 Ibid., p. 199.

3 Schelling arrived in Munich in 1827, and Tiutchev, who served in the Russian legation there from 1822 to 1835, soon became personally acquainted with the philosopher. The two met and conversed frequently thereafter. A. S. Aksakov (Eiozpafiix Oedopa Heauoeima Twmueea [Moscow, 1886], p. 319) quotes an interesting reminiscence of the poet's brother-in-law Baron Pfeffel, according to which Tiutchev, seeking to rebut Schelling's rational interpretation of the Christian religion, once told the philosopher: “Vous tentez une oeuvre impossible. Une philosophic qui rejette le surnaturel, et qui veut tout prouver par la raison, doit fatalement deliver vers le materialisme pour se noyer dans l'atheisme. La seule philosophic compatible avec le christianisme est contenue toute entiere dans le catexhisme. II faut croire ce que croyait Saint Paul, et apres lui, Pascal, plier le genou devant la Folie de la Croix, ou tout nier.” Other evidence of Tiutchev's hostility to Schelling is not wanting. In his political article “La Russie et la Revolution” (1848) Tiutchev said of German philosophy in general that it was “destructive” and had “completely dissolved all Christian belief, and developed in this void the revolutionary sentiment.” IIoAHoe co6panie coHuneuiu 6. H. Twmueea, ed. II. B. BLIKOBI (St. Petersburg, 1913), p. 346. Moreover I. S. Gagarin, who probably knew Tiutchev better than any Russian during the poet's German years, flatly denied that Tiutchev was to any significant degree influenced by German philosophy (see Stremooukhoff, op. cit., p. 44). Finally, from Varnhagen von Ense we know that Tiutchev in 1843 spoke in a “sharply deprecating” way about Schelling and expressed surprise that Schelling's lectures in Berlin should have had any success. (See S. Jacobsohn, “Ein unbekanntes Gedicht von Fedor Tiutchev,” Zeitschrift fur slavische Philologie, V (1929), 409.

4 Pascal, Pensdes, ed. E. Havet (Paris, 1852), pp. 1-23.

5 Tiutchev's habit of finding poetic inspiration in the verse of others was so ingrained cfiat the “formalist” critic Iurii Tynianov even argued that “to a great measure Tiutchev's poetry is poetry about poetry.” Apxaucmbt, u uoeamopu (Leningrad, 1929), p. 363.

6 Pascal, op. cit., p. 5.

7 Ibid., p. 13.

8 Ibid., p. 11.

9 Ibid., p. 13.

10 Ibid.

11 Ibid

12 See note 3.

13 Quoted by Aksakov, op. cit., p. 187.