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Seed desiccation tolerance and storability: Dependence on flatulence-producing oligosaccharides and cyclitols—review and survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Marcin Horbowicz  and
Ralph L. Obendorf
Marcin Horbowicz
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, Department of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 619 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA
Ralph L. Obendorf*
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, Department of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 619 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA
*
*Correspondence. Presented at the International Workshop on Desiccation Tolerance and Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 17–22 January 1994
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Abstract

Stachyose, raffinose and related flatulence-producing oligosaccharides (α-galactosyl derivatives of sucrose) are associated with desiccation tolerance and storability of seed germplasm. Orthodox seeds of species with a sucrose-to-oligosaccharide ratio of <1.0 have storability half-viability periods >10 years while those >1.0 have a storability half-viability period <10 years. Seeds vary in their composition of oligosaccharides and some accumulate α-galactosyl derivatives of cyclitols. Known and proposed pathways for biosynthesis of soluble oligosaccharides, cyclitols and galactosyl derivatives of cyclitols are presented. Axes, cotyledons, embryos or seeds of 19 species in 7 families (all orthodox seeds) were analysed for sucrose, galactosyl derivatives of sucrose, cyclitols and galactosyl derivatives of cyclitols by high resolution gas chromatography. Sucrose and myo-inositol are universally present and galactinol is present in seeds accumulating stachyose series oligosaccharides. Seeds of some species of Leguminosae accumulate mostly stachyose series oligosaccharides, whereas seeds of other species accumulate varying levels of galactosyl derivatives of cyclitols in addition. Castor bean (Euphorbiaceae) seeds accumulate galactinol and buckwheat (Polygonaceae) embryos accumulate galacto-chiro-inositol instead of the stachyose series oligosaccharides. The mass ratio of sucrose:non-sucrose is related to storability and is applicable to seeds accumulating cyclitol derivatives. Galactinol and galacto-chiro-inositol are proposed to function in the same role as raffinose and stachyose in facilitating desiccation tolerance and storability.

Keywords

flatulencegalactosyl cyclitolseed desiccation tolerancestachyose series oligosaccharidesstorability
Type
Review Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , December 1994 , pp. 385 - 405
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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Footnotes

1

Research Institute of Vegetable Crops, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland

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