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Photoinhibition of seed germination: occurrence, ecology and phylogeny

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2017

Angelino Carta ,
Evangelia Skourti ,
Efisio Mattana ,
Filip Vandelook  and
Costas A. Thanos
Angelino Carta*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
Evangelia Skourti
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Efisio Mattana
Affiliation:
Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
Filip Vandelook
Affiliation:
Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium
Costas A. Thanos
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
*
*Correspondence Email: acarta@biologia.unipi.it
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Abstract

Light conditions provide important information about the best time and place for seedling establishment. Photoinhibition of seed germination (PISG), defined as the partial or complete suppression of germination under white light, has been interpreted as a physiological adaptation to avoid germination at or near the soil surface. This review is the first report of an all-inclusive, fully quantitative analysis of PISG in seed plants. Pertinent data available from the published literature for 301 taxa from 59 families and 27 orders were assessed. The association of PISG with several plant and seed traits allowed us to consider the adaptive significance of PISG in relation to plant life histories and the natural environments. As no gymnosperm has been found to be truly photoinhibited, it seems that PISG is apomorphic to flowering plants (especially monocots). Seeds of most taxa with PISG have a dark colour and intermediate mass, mostly in the range 1 to 27 mg. PISG is absent from humid tropical regions and from cold climates, but it is strongly associated with open, disturbed and dry habitats. An intriguing implication of PISG is the formation of a soil-surface seed bank. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that PISG is a physiological adaptation to avoid germination on the soil surface, where conditions are not suitable for seedling establishment. PISG is probably much more frequent in seed plants than previously thought. Thus, laboratory experiments should be conducted under well-characterized light and dark conditions.

Keywords

adaptationclimatehabitatlife historylightphotoinhibitionphylogenyseed traits
Type
Review Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 27 , Special Issue 2: Seed Ecology , June 2017 , pp. 131 - 153
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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