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Romanian Villages: Rural Planning under Communism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2009

David Turnock
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Extract

The village is an important research theme in Romania in view of its significance for culture and ecology as well as the modernisation process. Interest developed after Romanian Independence but the efforts of the early historians like A.D. Xenopol (1847–1920) were greatly extended after the First World War, when the enlargement of frontiers, adding Transylvania (and temporarily Bessarabia) to the Old Kingdom embracing Moldavia and Wallachia, gave Romanian scholars access to the whole of the central Carpathian belt. Historians like C. Daicoviciu (1898–1973) and C.C. Giurescu (1901–77) were joined by ethnographers and sociologists, such as D. Gusti (1880–1955) and R. Vuia (1887–1963), ecologists like I. Simionescu (1873–1944) and geographers including I. Conea (1902–74) and V. Mihailescu (1890–1978).1 Interdisciplinary research stimulated by royal patronage was particularly fruitful in the case of the project involving a selection of some sixty representative Romanian villages (‘60 sate romanesti’).2 This gave rise to numerous publications, including monographs and shorter pieces, which formed the core of a distinguished sociology journal of the 1930s: Sociologie Romaneasca.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

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References

Notes

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35 This extends previous work by the author: Turnock, D., ‘Restructuring of rural settlement in Rumania’, Slavonic and East European Review (1976) 54, 83102Google Scholar; The Human Geography of the Romanian Carpathians (Nottingham, 1980)Google Scholar; The Romanian Economy in the Twentieth Century (London, 1986) pp. 223–69Google Scholar; ‘The rural development programme in Romania with special reference to the designation of new towns’, University of Leicester Department of Geography Occasional Paper (1986) 13Google Scholar; ‘Romania’, in Dawson, A.H. (ed.), Planning in Eastern Europe (London, 1987: p 229–73Google Scholar; ‘Tourism in Romania: rural planning in the Carpathians’, Annals of Tourism Research (1990) 17, 79102Google Scholar; ‘Romania’, in Sillince, J.A.A. (ed.), Housing in the Soviet Union & Eastern Europe (London, 1990).Google Scholar

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37 There were considerable regional variations arising from the existing level of dispersal of settlement and the attitude of the planners. A reduction of 55.5 per cent in the Calarasi area contrasts with 77.5 per cent in the Slantina-Olt area (although both figures were above the national average) - Possa, M., ‘Doua studii experimentale pentru sistematizarea raionalor Calarasi si Slatina’, Arhitectura (1967) 15(1), 14–7.Google Scholar

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57 Ceausescu, N., Cuvintare la Plenara Largita a Consiliului National al Agriculturii Industriei Alimentare Silviculturii si Gospodaririi Apelor (Bucharest, 1983)Google Scholar. See also Banciu, D., ‘Transformari economice si sociale ale zonelor si comunelor necooperativizate’, in Matei, I. and Mihailescu, I. (eds.), Satul Romanesc: Studii (Bucharest, 1985)Google Scholar; ICCE, Progresul Economic, pp. 109–33Google Scholar; Popovici, I., Metamorfozele Peisajului Agricol Romanesc (Bucharest, 1979).Google Scholar

58 Many papers were published during the early years of the rural programme to emphasise the convenience of the traditional country house: Bauche, I.L., ‘Locuinta: factor principal in procesul de sistematizarea rurala’, Arhitectura (1977) 25(5), 58–9Google Scholar; Iancu, D., ‘Aspecte ale noii arhitecturi rurale’, Arhitectura (1971) 19(5), 40–1Google Scholar; Niculiu, C., ‘Locuinta satului din Baragan in contextul dezvoltarea judetului lalomita’, Arhitectura (1974) 22(3), 55–7Google Scholar; Triscu, A., ‘Reteaua de localitati rurale in regiunea Bucuresti’, Arhitectura (1967) 15(1), 10–3.Google Scholar

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61 For earlier work on this area see Antonescu, D. et al. , ‘Activitatea de azi si de miine a arhitectilor din judetul Ilfov in perspectiva anului 2000’, Arhitectura (1973) 21(2), 47Google Scholar; Dumitru, I., ‘Dezvoltarea comunelor suburbane municipiului Bucuresti’, Arhitectura (1970) 18(1), 40–1Google Scholar. See also Posea, G. and Stefanescu, I., Municipiul Bucuresti cu Sectorul Agricol Ilfov (Bucharest, 1984)Google Scholar; Turnock, , ‘City profile’.Google Scholar

62 RFE Situation Repoart 1988, Romania 10, 10.Google Scholar

63 Lambert, A., ‘Return of the vampire’, Geographical (1989) 61, 1620.Google Scholar

64 Giurescu, D.C., The Razing of Romania's Past: International Preservation Report (Washington, D.C., 1989) p. 67.Google Scholar

65 Stamp, G., ‘Ceausescu the destroyer’, The Spectator 07 9th, 1988, pp. 1820.Google Scholar

66 RFE Situation Report 1988, Romania 15, 12.Google Scholar

67 Ibid, 11.

68 A series of articles in Scinteia dealt with Lovrin (Timis) on August 10th, 1988; Otopeni, (Ilfov) on July 25th, 1988Google Scholar; Pogoanele (Buzau) on August 2nd, 1988; and Veresti (Suceava) on August 4th, 1988.

69 Opris, V., ‘Mobilitatea teritoriala a fortei de munca in orasul Tirgu Neamt’, Terra (1987) 19(2), 44–8.Google Scholar

70 Visovan, I., ‘Ocna Sugatag pe calea urbanizarii’, Buletin SSG (1984) 7, 116–9.Google Scholar

71 Scheletti, A., ‘Schita de sistematizare pentru viitorul oras turistic Snagov’, Arhitectura (1973) 21(2), 50.Google Scholar