Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-01T12:20:47.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Membership Rights for Animals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2022

Will Kymlicka*
Affiliation:
Queen's University

Abstract

It is increasingly acknowledged that animals have an intrinsic moral status, in part due to the influential work of many moral philosophers. However, surprisingly little has been written by philosophers on whether animals are owed social membership and the rights that attach to membership in society. In this paper, I explore why the idea of social membership matters, particularly in relation to domesticated animals, and how it can guide legal and political reforms. Focusing on social membership identifies neglected avenues for transformative change, and offers new ways of challenging the deeply-embedded ‘human use typologies' that currently govern our relations to domesticated animals. It also raises fascinating philosophical questions about the definition of ‘society' and the role of an ethics of membership. Ultimately, we will need to develop a new philosophy of interspecies society.

Type
Paper
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Philosophy and the contributors 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amiot, Catherine & Bastian, Brock, ‘Toward a Psychology of Human–Animal Relations141 (2015) Psychological Bulletin 6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beldo, Les, ‘Metabolic labor: Broiler chickens and the exploitation of vitality’, Environmental Humanities 9 (2017) 108-128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, Daniel and Pei, Wang, Just hierarchy, (Princeton University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Bell, Derrick Jr, ‘Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma’, 93 (1980) Harvard Law Rev 518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blattner, Charlotte, ‘A Right to Freely Choose One's Work’. In Blattner, Charlotte, Coulter, Kendra, and Kymlicka, Will, eds. Animal Labour: A New Frontier of Interspecies Justice? (Oxford University Press, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blattner, Charlotte, Donaldson, Sue, and Wilcox, Ryan, ‘Animal Agency in Community.’ Politics and Animals 6 (2020) 1-22.Google Scholar
Blattner, Charlotte, Coulter, Kendra, and Kymlicka, Will, eds. Animal Labour: A New Frontier of Interspecies Justice? (Oxford University Press, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benton, Ted, ‘Humanism = Speciesism? Marx on Humans and Animals’. Radical Philosophy 50 (1988) 4-18.Google Scholar
Bulliet, Richard, Hunters, herders, and hamburgers: the past and future of human-animal relationships, (Columbia University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Christiano, Thomas, The Constitution of Equality, (Oxford University Press, 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christman, John, Social and Political Philosophy: A Contemporary Introduction, (Routledge, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cochrane, Alasdair, ‘Labour rights for animals’. In Garner, R. and O'Sullivan, S., eds., The Political Turn in Animal Ethics, (Rowman and Littlefield, 2016) 15-32.Google Scholar
Coulter, Kendra, Animals, work, and the promise of interspecies solidarity, (Palgrave, 2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruse, Sarah, ‘Military working dogs: classification and treatment in the US Armed Forces’, Animal Law 21 (2014) 249.Google Scholar
Deckha, Maneesha, Animals as Legal Beings, (University of Toronto Press, 2021).Google Scholar
Donaldson, Sue, ‘Animal Agora: Animal Citizens and the Democratic Challenge’, Social Theory and Practice 46 (2020) 709-735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, Sue and Kymlicka, Will, Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights (Oxford University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Donaldson, Sue and Kymlicka, Will, ‘Farmed Animal Sanctuaries: The Heart of the Movement?’, Politics and Animals 1 (2015) 50-74.Google Scholar
Donaldson, Sue and Kymlicka, Will, ‘Animal Labour in a Post-Work Society?’. In Blattner, Charlotte, Coulter, Kendra, and Kymlicka, Will, eds. Animal Labour: A New Frontier of Interspecies Justice? (Oxford University Press, 2019) 207-228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, Sue and Kymlicka, Will, ‘Transformative Animal Protection’ in Voigt, Kristin, Giroux, Valéry, and Pepper, Angie (eds) The Ethics of Animal Shelters (Oxford University Press, 2022).Google Scholar
Eisen, Jessica, ‘Liberating Animal Law: Breaking Free from Human-Use Typologies’, Animal Law 17 (2010) 59-76.Google Scholar
Eisen, Jessica, ‘Down on the Farm: Status, Exploitation, and Agricultural Exceptionalism’. In Blattner, C., Coulter, K., & Kymlicka, W. (Eds.), Animal Labour: A New Frontier of Interspecies Justice (Oxford University Press, 2019) 139-59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Lynn, ‘There are no Bad dogs, only bad owners: Replacing Strict Liability with a Negligence Standard in Dog Bite Cases’, Animal Law 13 (2006) 129-45.Google Scholar
Foster, Frances, ‘Should Pets Inherit?’, Florida Law Review 63 (2011).Google Scholar
Garner, Robert, ‘Animals and democratic theoryContemporary Political Theory 16 (2017) 459-77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, Phil, ‘Courts and Legislatures Have Kept the Proper Leash on Pet Injury Lawsuits’, Stanford. Journal of Animal Law & Policy 6 (2013) 30.Google Scholar
Poll, Harris, ‘Pets Really Are Members of the Family’, (10 June 2011), The Harris Poll, <http://www.theharrispoll.com/health-and-life/pets_really_are_Members_of_the_Family.html>).).>Google Scholar
Hooley, Dan, ‘Animals and Political Standing’, Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Public Policy, (Palgrave, 2018) 291-301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaschik, Scott, ‘Did Peter Singer Back Animal Research?’, Inside Higher Ed, (December 4, 2006) https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/12/04/did-peter-singer-back-animal-researchGoogle Scholar
Jasper, John and Nelkin, Dorothy, The Animal Rights Crusade (Free Press, 1992).Google Scholar
Melson, Gail, Why the Wild things are: Animals in the Lives of Children, (Harvard University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Kymlicka, Will, ‘Social membership: Animal law beyond the property/personhood impasse’, Dalhousie Law Journal 40 (2017) 123.Google Scholar
Kymlicka, Will, ‘Nationhood, Multiculturalism and the Ethics of Membership’, in Orgad, Liav and Koopmans, Ruud (eds) Majorities, Minorities, and the Future of Nationhood (Cambridge University Press, 2022).Google Scholar
Kymlicka, Will and Donaldson, Sue, ‘Animals and the Frontiers of Citizenship’, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 34 (2014) 200-219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kymlicka, Will and Donaldson, Sue, ‘Locating animals in political philosophy’, Philosophy Compass 11 (2016) 692-701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lercier, Marine, Animal Labour: A Social Justice Issue for the 21st Century (Global Research Network, Canterbury, 2021).Google Scholar
McMahan, Jeff, The Ethics of Killing (Oxford University Press, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midgley, Mary, Beast and Man (Cornell University Press, 1978).Google Scholar
Miller, David, Political Philosophy: A very short introduction, (Oxford University Press, 2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niesen, Peter, ‘Animal agriculture and the ‘labour turn’’, Politics and Animals (2021).Google Scholar
Noske, Barbara, Human and Other Animals (Pluto Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Nozick, Robert, Anarchy, State and Utopia (Basic Books, 1974).Google Scholar
Nurse, Angus and Ryland, Diane, ‘A question of citizenship’, Journal of Animal Ethics 3 (2013) 201-207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overall, Christine, Pets and people: The ethics of our relationships with companion animals. (Oxford University Press, 2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, Clare, Animal ethics in context, (Columbia University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Ranalli, Ralph, ‘The New Faces Settling into Suburbia: Owners Cite Practical, Spiritual Rewards of Farm Animals as Pets’, Boston Globe, (June 29, 2008), http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/06/29/the_new_faces_settling_into_suburbia/Google Scholar
Regan, Tom, The Case for Animal Rights, (University of California Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Regan, Tom, ‘Foreword’, Political Theory and Animal Rights. Ed. Linzey, Andrew and Clarke, Paul. (Pluto Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Rook, Deborah, ‘Who Gets Charlie? The Emergence of Pet Custody Disputes in Family Law: Adapting Theoretical Tools from Child Law’, Int J Law Policy Family 28 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandøe, Peter, Corr, Sandra, and Palmer, Clare, Companion animal ethics, (Wiley, 2015).Google Scholar
Ani Satz, , ‘Animals as Vulnerable Subjects: Beyond Interest-Convergence, Hierarchy, and Property’, Animal Law 16 (2009) 150.Google Scholar
Shaw, Rosemary, ‘A Case for recognizing the rights of Animals as Workers’, Journal of Animal Ethics 8 (2018) 182-98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shklar, Judith, American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion (Harvard University Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Simmons, A. John., Political Philosophy, (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Singer, Peter, Animal Liberation, (Harper, 1975).Google Scholar
Kim Smith, , Governing Animals: Animal Welfare and the Liberal State (Oxford University Press, 2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stucki, Saskia, ‘Toward Hominid and Other Humanoid Rights: Are We Witnessing a Legal Revolution?’, Verfassungsblog (2016), http://verfassungsblog.de/toward-hominid-and-other-humanoid-rights-are-we-witnessing-a-legal-revolution/Google Scholar
Twine, Richard, ‘Revealing the Animal-Industrial Complex’, Journal for Critical Animal Studies 10 (2012) 12-39.Google Scholar
Van Kleek, Justin, ‘The Sanctuary in Your Backyard: A New Model for Rescuing Farmed Animals,’ Our Hen House, (June 24, 2014), http://www.ourhenhouse.org/2014/06/the-sanctuary-in-your-backyard-a-new-model-for-rescuingfarmed-animals/Google Scholar
Walsh, Gareth, ‘Father of Animal Activism Backs Monkey Testing’, The Sunday Times, (November 26, 2006). https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/father-of-animal-activism-backs-monkey-testingGoogle Scholar