¹ Voegelin, , “Review of The Origins of Totalitarianism,” Review of Politics, 15 (1953), 68–76;CrossRefGoogle ScholarArendt's, “A Reply” appears in the same issue (pp. 76–85).Google Scholar

² Arendt, , “Letter to Gershem Scholem,” cited in Young-Bruehl, Elisabeth, Hannah Arendt: For Love of the World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), p. 104.Google Scholar

³ Cf. Jay, Martin, “Hannah Arendt: Opposing Views,” Partisan Review, 45 (1978), 348–68;Google ScholarVollrath, Ernst, “Hannah Arendt and the Method of Political Thinking,” trans. Fantel, Hans, Social Research, 44 (1977), 160–82;Google ScholarYoung-Bruehl, Elisabeth, Hannah Arendt, especially pp. 217–20;Google Scholar and Parekh, Bhikhu, Hannah Arendt and the Search for a New Political Philosophy (Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴ Admittedly, it will not always be easy to demonstrate in every case that Arendt's views were shaped exclusively by Heidegger rather than, say, by Jaspers as well. We do claim, however, that some of Heidegger's influences are unmistakable and others at least likely.

⁵ Arendt, , “What Is Existenz Philosophy?” Partisan Review, 13 (1946), 34–56.Google Scholar

⁶ Parekh, , Hannah Arendt, especially chapters 3 and 8.Google Scholar

⁷ We shall not hesitate, however, to cite later works by both Arendt and Heidegger when these show promise of clarifying the issues at stake here.

⁸ Arendt, , The Life of the Mind, vol. 1, Thinking (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977), p. 46.Google Scholar

⁹ Arendt remarks of the epochẽ that it is not “a special method to be taught and learned,” as Husserl thought, but the characteristic attitude of genuine thinking when we withdraw from the world of appearances (ibid., p. 53).

¹⁰ Parekh, in Hannah Arendt, pp. 4–5,Google Scholar makes this point in a somewhat different way in his discussion of “hierarchical ontological dualism.”

¹¹ See Heidegger, , Being and Time, trans. Macquarrie, John and Robinson, Edward (New York: Harper & Row, 1962), pp. 49–63.Google Scholar

¹² Heidegger, , “On the Essence of Truth,” Basic Writings, ed. Krell, David Farrell (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), p. 127.Google Scholar

¹³ Heidegger, , Being and Time, p. 67.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Heidegger, , An Introduction to Metaphysics, trans. Manheim, Ralph (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961), p. 121.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Heidegger, , Being and Time, p. 79.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Ibid., p. 80. In his later essays—for example, “Building, Dwelling, Thinking”—Heidegger pursues the meaning of “dwell” in its manifold connections to other ideas, especially that of preserving and saving what is.

¹⁷ Heidegger, , “Letter on Humanism,” Basic Writings, p. 193.Google Scholar

¹⁸ There should be no mistake about this issue. Heidegger is not proposing any form of subjective idealism. He is just saying that all that is, is a phenomenon, something that appears. But how it appears—as “present-at-hand,” as tool, as Existenz, etc.—depends on Dasein's experiencing it as such.

¹⁹ Heidegger, , Introduction to Metaphysics, p. 11.Google Scholar This is a point to which Arendt gives full assent. See, for example, On Violence (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1969), p. 66,Google Scholar where she writes: “Words can be relied on only if one is sure that their function is to reveal and not to conceal.”

²⁰ Heidegger, , Being and Time, p. 87.Google Scholar

²¹ Cf. Heidegger, , Introduction to Metaphysics, p. 11:Google Scholar the “translation from the Greek into the Latin is not accidental and harmless; it marks the first stage in the process by which we cut ourselves off and alienated ourselves from the essence of Greek philosophy.”

²² Ibid., p. 87.

²³ Heidegger, , “Letter on Humanism,” pp. 195, 210.Google Scholar

²⁴ Ibid., p. 210.

²⁵ Heidegger, , “The Essence of Truth,” Basic Writings, p. 127.Google Scholar

²⁶ Heidegger, , “Letter on Humanism,” p. 210.Google Scholar

²⁷ Ibid., p. 241.

²⁸ Cf. Bernstein, Richard J., The Restructuring of Social and Political Theory (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978), pp. 117–69 and especially pp. 135–41.Google Scholar

²⁹ Arendt, , The Human Condition (New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1959), pp. 158–61.Google Scholar

³⁰ Cf. Heidegger, , Being and Time, p. 81:Google Scholar “In these analyses the issue is one of seeing a primordial structure of Dasein's Being—a structure in accordance with whose phenomenal content the concepts of Being must be Articulated.”

³¹ Arendt, , in Thinking, p. 57,Google Scholar almost paraphrases Heidegger when she notes that thinking, whenever it is “true” thinking and not just common sense reasoning, asks “what it means for [something] to be.”

³² Heidegger, , Being and Time, pp. 91–95.Google Scholar

³³ Ibid., p. 81.

³⁴ Arendt's analysis of worldlessness resembles an observation by Heidegger, in his “Letter on Humanism,” Basic Writings, p. 219:Google Scholar “Homelessness is coming to be the destiny of the world.” But the difference between homelessness and worldlessness may prove to be decisive.

³⁵ Arendt, , The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), pp. 474–78.Google Scholar

³⁶ Arendt, , The Human Condition, pp. 81–82.Google Scholar

³⁷ Ibid., p. 13.

³⁸ Arendt, , Thinking, pp. 15, 78.Google Scholar

³⁹ Arendt, , The Life of the Mind, vol. II, Willing (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978), p. 3.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Arendt, , Thinking, pp. 42–44.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Ibid., p. 19.

⁴² Ibid., p. 10, 12.

⁴³ Arendt, , The Human Condition, p. 160.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Ibid.

⁴⁵ Ibid., p. 158.

⁴⁶ Heidegger, , Being and Time, pp. 67–68:Google Scholar “That Being which is an issue for this entity in its very Being, is in each case mine. Thus Dasein is never to be taken ontologically as an instance or special case of some genus of entities as things that are present-at-hand.”

⁴⁷ Arendt, , “What Is Existenz Philosophy?” p. 37.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Arendt, , The Human Condition, p. 3.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ Arendt, , “What Is Existenz Philosophy?” p. 46.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Cf. Heidegger, , Being and Time, p. 153;Google Scholar see also his attempt to defend himself against the charge that he is “volatilizing” the “core” of man's being.

⁵¹ Heidegger, , Introduction to Metaphysics, p. 121.Google Scholar

⁵² Arendt, , “What Is Existenz Philosophy?” p. 48.Google Scholar

⁵³ Heidegger, , Introduction to Metaphysics, p. 121.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ Ibid., p. 112.

⁵⁵ Heidegger, , Being and Time, p. 165.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ Arendt, , The Human Condition, p. 4.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Arendt, , “What Is Existenz Philosophy?” pp. 49–50.Google Scholar

⁵⁸ Ibid., p. 51.

⁵⁹ Ibid.

⁶⁰ Arendt, , Willing, p. 173.Google Scholar

⁶¹ Ibid., p. 182–83. This is similar to the charge Arendt herself leveled against Heidegger in “What Is Existenz Philosophy?”

⁶² Ibid., p. 22.

⁶³ Heidegger, , Basic Writings, “On the Essence of Truth,” pp. 125–30.Google Scholar

⁶⁴ Arendt, , Willing, p. 187.Google Scholar