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Middle Eastern views of the Gulf conflict and its aftermath

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2010

George Joffe
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Extract

There can be little doubt that the conflict between the UN-authorized and US-led Multinational Coalition and Iraq at the start of 1991, as a result of the Iraqi Ba'athist regime's decision in August 1990 to invade and annex Kuwait, has produced profound changes in the political and diplomatic environment of the Middle East and North Africa, as well as in Mashriqi and Maghribi political attitudes. The new atmosphere of confidence amongst the governments and peoples of the Arab states of the Gulf is clear evidence of these changes, as is the dejection felt in capitals such as Amman, Sanaa and Tunis where government support for the Coalition was less than wholehearted.

Type
Research Article
Information
Review of International Studies , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , April 1993 , pp. 177 - 199
Copyright
Copyright © British International Studies Association 1993

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References

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27 Joffe, E. G. H., ‘The GCC Comes of Age’, Arab Affairs, 9 (Spring-Summer 1989), p. 31Google Scholar and Graz, L., ‘The GCC as a Model? Sets and Sub-Sets in the Arab Equation’, in Davies, C. (ed.), After the War: Iraq, Iran and the Arab Gulf, (Chichester, 1990), p. 13Google Scholar. See also G. Nonneman ‘Iraqui-GCC Relations: Roots of Change and future prospects’, ibid, pp. 29–32.

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31 A classic statement of this view was provided by Sir James Craig in Middle East International, 383 14 September 1990,20–1.

32 G. Karmi, ‘Arab Reactions to the Gulf Crisis’, Middle East International, 384 28 September 1990, p. 20.

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37 Joffe, ‘North African Responses to the Gulf Crisis’, p. 7.

38 For a detailed account of the background and the events of the Gulf crisis, see Joffe, E. G. H., ‘Prelude to War in the Gulf’ and ‘Iraq and Kuwait: The Invasion, the War and the AFtermath’, in Chapman, S. (ed.), The Middle East and North Africa 1992 (London, 1992)Google Scholar.

39 Joffe, ‘North African Responses to the Gulf Crisis’, p. 9.

40 This account has been pieced together from press reports and interviews. The main press sources have been Middle East Economic Digest, Middle East Economic Survey, Middle East International, the Guardian, the Financial Times, Le Monde and al-Khalij.

41 Middle East Economic Digest (London), January-April 1991, and Middle East International (London), January-April 1991.

42 Joffe, E. G. H., ‘The Domestic Consequences of the Gulf Conflict’, Economist Intelligence Unit, Iran and the Arabian Peninsula: Economic Structure and Analysis (London, 1991), pp. 5—13Google Scholar.

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45 Joffe, E. G. H., Bankrupting the Gulf: The Economic Consequences of the United Nations War against Iraq on the Gulf States (London, 1991)Google Scholar, contains a detailed breakdown of the reported costs. Further details can be found in unpublished papers by Paul Barker Associates, ‘Facing Reconstruction in Kuwait and Iraq’, and Henry Azzam, ‘Postwar Economic Outlook in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf, given at ‘Beyond the Crisis: The Gulf in the 1990s’, a conference on 9–10 May 1991 at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House (London).

46 Le Monde, 8 September 1992.

47 Details of the border issue are given in Schofield, R., Kuwait and Iraq: Historical Claims and Territorial Disputes (London, 1991)Google Scholar.