Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vsgnj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T15:30:26.396Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tragedy at Wittenberg: Sophocles in Reformation Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2020

Micha Lazarus
Micha Lazarus*
Affiliation:
Trinity College, University of Cambridge
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Amid the devastation of the Schmalkaldic War (1546–47), Philip Melanchthon and his colleagues at Wittenberg hastily compiled a Latin edition of Sophocles from fifteen years of teaching materials and sent it to Edward VI of England within weeks of his coronation. Wittenberg tragedy reconciled Aristotelian technology, Reformation politics, and Lutheran theology, offering consolation in the face of events that themselves seemed to be unfolding on a tragic stage. A crucial but neglected source of English and Continental literary thought, the Wittenberg Sophocles shaped the reception of Greek tragedy, tragic poetics, and Neo-Latin and vernacular composition throughout the sixteenth century.

Type
Articles
Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 73 , Issue 1 , Spring 2020 , pp. 33 - 77
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by the Renaissance Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

All translations are my own unless otherwise indicated. For ease of reference, editions of Greek dramatists are cited by the name of their editor/translator/commentator. MBW refers to the letter number in Melanchthon, 1977–. I am grateful to Aaron Kachuck, Russ Leo, Peter Sherlock, Carla Suthren, Giles Waller, the members of the Early Modern Club at Trinity College, and, above all, Nathaniel Hess, as well as to audiences at Cambridge, King's College London, Chicago, the Folger Shakespeare Library, and the RSA, for wisdom and rebuke, tum ad commonefactionem tum ad consolationem.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Marl. G 6. Estienne. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, 8° C 259 Th. Oporinus. Dramata Sacra. Basel, 1547.Google Scholar
British Library, London, 998.b.2(2). Winshemius. Interpretatio Tragoediarum Sophoclis. Frankfurt, 1549.Google Scholar
Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford, O.5.13. Estienne. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
Firestone Library, Princeton University, 2018-0009Q. Polybius. Historiae. Basel: Herwagen, 1549.Google Scholar
Merton College, University of Oxford, 26.D.8. Estienne. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
Queen's College, University of Oxford, BB.v.34. Estienne. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
Reformationsgeschichtliche Forschungsbibliothek, Wittenberg, Hb Phil 2. Sophocles. Tragoediae Septem. Frankfurt: Braubach, 1544.Google Scholar
Amos, N. Scott. “The Alsatian among the Athenians: Martin Bucer, Mid-Tudor Cambridge and the Edwardian Reformation.” Reformation and Renaissance Review 4.1 (2002): 94–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amos, N. Scott. “Strangers in a Strange Land: The English Correspondence of Martin Bucer and Peter Martyr Vermigli.” In Peter Martyr Vermigli and the European Reformations: Semper Reformanda, ed. James, Frank A. III, 26–46. Leiden: Brill, 2004.Google Scholar
Aristotle. Poetics. Ed. and trans. Halliwell, Stephen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Ascham, Roger. The Whole Works of Roger Ascham. Ed. Giles, J. A.. 4 vols. London, 1864.Google Scholar
Bale, John. Index Britanniae Scriptorum. Ed. Poole, Reginald Lane and Bateson, Mary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902.Google Scholar
Billings, Joshua. Genealogy of the Tragic: Greek Tragedy and German Philosophy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Billings, Joshua, and Leonard, Miriam, eds. Tragedy and the Idea of Modernity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birck, Sixt. Sapientia Solomonis: Acted before the Queen by the Boys of Westminster School, January 17, 1565/6. Ed. Payne, Elizabeth Rogers. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1938.Google Scholar
Bishop, Paul. “Nietzsche's Anti-Christianity as a Return to (German) Classicism.” In Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition, ed. Bishop, Paul, 441–57. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2004.Google Scholar
Bornemisza, Peter. Tragoedia magiar nelvenn az Sophocles Electraiabol. Vienna, 1558.Google Scholar
Borza, Elia. Sophocles redivivus: La survie de Sophocle en Italie au début du XVIe siècle. Bari: Levante, 2007.Google Scholar
Bradley, A. C.Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on “Hamlet,” “Othello,” “King Lear,” “Macbeth.” London: Macmillan, 1904.Google Scholar
Brady, Thomas A. Protestant Politics: Jacob Sturm (1489–1553) and the German Reformation. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Brljak, Vladimir. “The Age of Allegory.” Studies in Philology 114.4 (2017): 697–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brljak, Vladimir. “Inventing a Renaissance: Modernity, Allegory, and the History of Literary Theory.” In The Reception of Aristotle's Poetics (2020), 60–93.Google Scholar
Brylinger, Nicolas, ed. Comoediae ac Tragoediae Aliquot. Basel, 1541.Google Scholar
Buchanan, George. Tragedies. Ed. Sharratt, P. and Walsh, P. G.. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Buchanan, George. A Dialogue on the Law of Kingship among the Scots. Ed. Mason, Roger A. and Smith, Martin S.. Farnham: Ashgate, 2004.Google Scholar
Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Trans. Middlemore, S. G. C.. London: Phaidon, 1945.Google Scholar
Burns, J. H., ed. The Cambridge History of Political Thought, 1450–1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camerarius, Joachim, ed. Σοφοκλέους τραγῳδίαι ἑπτά. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Haguenau, 1534.Google Scholar
Camerarius, Joachim, ed. Commentatio Explicationum Omnium Tragoediarum Sophoclis. Basel, 1556.Google Scholar
Christopherson, John. Jephthah. Ed. Fobes, Francis Howard. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1928.Google Scholar
A Companion to Sophocles. Ed. Ormand, Kirk. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawforth, Hannah. “The Politics of Greek Tragedy in Samson Agonistes.” The Seventeenth Century 31.2 (2016): 239–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demetriou, Tania, and Pollard, Tanya. “Homer and Greek Tragedy in Early Modern England's Theatres: An Introduction.” Classical Receptions Journal 9.1 (2017): 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Distilo, Nuala. “Un'edizione dell’Elettra di Euripide con Postille di Piero Vettori.” Studi Medievali e Umanistici 7 (2009): 203–24.Google Scholar
Doerries, Bryan. The Theatre of War. London: Scribe, 2015.Google Scholar
Easterling, P. E. “Menander: Loss and Survival.” Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, supplement 66 (1995): 153–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easterling, P. E. “Sophocles and the Byzantine Student.” In Porphyrogenita, ed. Dendrinos, Charalambos, Harris, Jonathan, Harvalia-Crook, Eirene, and Herrin, Judith, 319–34. Farnham: Ashgate, 2003.Google Scholar
Easterling, P. E. “Hypotheseis.” In Encyclopedia of Greek Tragedy, ed. Roisman, H. M., 706–10. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.Google Scholar
Ebeling, Gerhard. Luther: An Introduction to His Thought. Trans. Wilson, R. A.. London: Collins, 1970.Google Scholar
Elliott, John R. Records of Early English Drama: Oxford. 2 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Erasmus, Desiderius. Collected Works of Erasmus. Vol. 24, Literary and Educational Writings, ed. Thompson, Craig R., trans. Knott, Betty I. and McGregor, Brian. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estienne, Henri, ed. Tragoediae Selectae Aeschyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis cum Duplici Interpretatione Latina. Geneva, 1567.Google Scholar
Estienne, Henri, ed. Σοφοκλέους αἱ ἑπτά τραγῳδίαι. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
The European Wars of Religion. Ed. Palaver, Wolfgang, Rudolph, Harriet, and Regensburger, Dietmar. London: Routledge, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairbank, Alfred J., and Dickins, Bruce. The Italic Hand in Tudor Cambridge. London: Bowes and Bowes, 1962.Google Scholar
Foxe, John. Two Latin Comedies by John Foxe the Martyrologist. Trans. Smith, John Hazel. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Fuller, Lon L. “The Case of the Speluncean Explorers.” Harvard Law Review 62.4 (1949): 616–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelen, Sigmund. Αριστοφάνους κωμωδίαι εννέα μετά σχολίων . . . Aristophanis Comoediae Novem cum Commentariis Antiquis. Basel, 1547.Google Scholar
Greschat, Martin. Martin Bucer: A Reformer and His Times. Trans. Buckwalter, Stephen E.. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 2004.Google Scholar
Grimald, Nicholas. The Life and Poems of Nicholas Grimald. Ed. Merrill, Le Roy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1925.Google Scholar
Grotefend, Hermann. Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1960.Google Scholar
Hare, Caspar. “Should We Wish Well to All?” The Philosophical Review 125.4 (2016): 451–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartfelder, Karl. Philipp Melanchthon als Praeceptor Germaniae. Berlin, 1889.Google Scholar
Haskell, Yasmin, and Garrod, Raphaële, eds. Changing Hearts: Performing Jesuit Emotions between Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Leiden: Brill, 2019.Google Scholar
Haug-Moritz, Gabriele. “The Holy Roman Empire, the Schmalkald League, and the Idea of Confessional Nation-Building.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 152.4 (2008): 427–39.Google Scholar
Heavey, Katherine, ed. Classical Tragedy Translated in Early Modern England. Special issue, Translation and Literature 29.1 (2020).Google Scholar
Herrick, Marvin T. Tragicomedy: Its Origin and Development in Italy, France, and England. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Hirsch, Rudolf. “The Printing Tradition of Aeschylus, Euripides, Sophocles and Aristophanes.” Gutenberg-Jahrbuch (1964): 138–46.Google Scholar
Hoxby, Blair. What Was Tragedy? Theory and the Early Modern Canon. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, G. K. “Seneca and the Elizabethans: A Case-Study in ‘Influence.’” Shakespeare Survey 20 (1967): 17–26.Google Scholar
Jaspers, Karl. Tragedy Is Not Enough. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1952.Google Scholar
Jayne, Sears Reynolds, and Johnson, Francis R., eds. The Lumley Library: The Catalogue of 1609. London: British Museum, 1956.Google Scholar
Jones, Mike Rodman. “The Tragical History of the Reformation: Edwardian, Marian, Shakespearian.” Review of English Studies 63.262 (2012): 743–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juhász-Ormsby, Ágnes. “Classical Reception in Sixteenth-Century Hungarian Drama.” In A Handbook to Classical Reception in Eastern and Central Europe, 233–44. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, Micha. “Aristotelian Criticism in Sixteenth-Century England.” In Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.148.Google Scholar
Lazarus, Micha. “The Dramatic Prologues of Alexander Nowell: Accommodating the Classics at 1540s Westminster.” Review of English Studies 69.288 (2018): 32–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, Micha. “Sound Aristotelians and How They Read.” In The Reception of Aristotle's Poetics (2020), 38–59.Google Scholar
Leo, Russ. “Scripture and Tragedy in the Reformation.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Early Modern England, ed. Killeen, Kevin, Smith, Helen, and Willie, Rachel, 498–517. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Leo, Russ. “Paul's Euripides, Greek Tragedy and Hebrew Antiquity in Paradise Regain'd.” The Seventeenth Century 31.2 (2016): 191–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leo, Russ. Tragedy as Philosophy in the Reformation World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liapis, Vayos. “Oedipus Tyrannus.” In A Companion to Sophocles (2012), 84–97.Google Scholar
Lurie, Michael. Die Suche nach der Schuld: Sophokles’ Oedipus Rex, Aristoteles’ Poetik und das Tragödienverständnis der Neuzeit. Munich: K. G. Saur, 2004.Google Scholar
Lurie, Michael. “Misreading Sophocles: Or Why Does the History of Interpretation Matter?” Antike und Abendland 52 (2006): 1–15.Google Scholar
Lurie, Michael. “Facing Up to Tragedy: Toward an Intellectual History of Sophocles in Europe from Camerarius to Nietzsche.” In A Companion to Sophocles (2012), 440–61.Google Scholar
Luther, Martin. D. Martin Luthers Werke. Briefwechsel. 18 vols. Weimar: H. Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1930–85.Google Scholar
MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Thomas Cranmer: A Life. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation. London: Allen Lane, 1999.Google Scholar
Marchand, Suzanne. Down from Olympus: Archaeology and Philhellenism in Germany, 1750–1970. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Mastronarde, Donald J. The Art of Euripides: Dramatic Technique and Social Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melanchthon, Philip, ed. Aristophanis Poetae Comici Nubes. Wittenberg, 1521.Google Scholar
Melanchthon, Philip. Opera quae Supersunt Omnia. Ed. Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb and Bindseil, Heinrich Ernst. 28 vols. Halis Saxonum: Schwetschke, 1834–60.Google Scholar
Melanchthon, Philip. Melanchthons Briefwechsel. Ed. Scheible, Heinz and Mundhenk, Christine. 32 vols. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 1977–.Google Scholar
Melanchthon, Philip. A Melanchthon Reader. Trans. Keen, Ralph. New York: P. Lang, 1988.Google Scholar
Methuen, Charlotte. “The English Reformation in Wittenberg: Luther and Melanchthon's Engagement with Religious Change in England 1521–1560.” Reformation and Renaissance Review 20.3 (2018): 209–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milton, John. The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. London, 1649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miola, Robert S. “Early Modern Antigones: Receptions, Refractions, Replays.” Classical Receptions Journal 6.2 (2014): 221–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miola, Robert S. “Representing Orestes’ Revenge.” Classical Receptions Journal 9.1 (2016): 144–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mossman, Judith. Wild Justice: A Study of Euripides’ Hecuba. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Mumme, Jonathan. “The University of Wittenberg.” In Martin Luther in Context, ed. Whitford, David M., 38–46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mund-Dopchie, Monique. “Un collaborateur de Pier Vettori.” Bulletin de l'Institut Historique Belge de Rome 37 (1966): 109–14.Google Scholar
Naogeorgus, Thomas. Tragoedia Nova Pammachius. Wittenberg, 1538.Google Scholar
Naogeorgus, Thomas. Iudas Iscariotes, Tragoedia Nova et Sacra . . . Adiunctae Sunt quoque Duae Sophoclis Tragoediae, Aiax flagellifer & Philoctetes. Tübingen, 1552.Google Scholar
Naogeorgus, Thomas. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Basel, 1558.Google Scholar
Nelson, Alan H. Records of Early English Drama: Cambridge. 2 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Nichols, John Gough. Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth. 2 vols. London, 1857.Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings. Ed. Geuss, Raymond and Speirs, Ronald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Norland, Howard B. Drama in Early Tudor Britain, 1485–1558. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Ochino, Bernardino. A Tragoedie or Dialoge. Trans. Ponet, John. London, 1549.Google Scholar
Oporinus, Joannes, ed. Dramata Sacra. 2 vols. Basel, 1547.Google Scholar
Overell, Anne. Italian Reform and English Reformations, c.1535–c.1585. Farnham: Ashgate, 2008.Google Scholar
Parente, James A. Religious Drama and the Humanist Tradition: Christian Theater in Germany and in the Netherlands, 1500–1680. Leiden: Brill, 1987.Google Scholar
Pauck, Wilhelm, ed. and trans. Melanchthon and Bucer. London: SCM Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Pohl, Benjamin, and Tether, Leah. “Books Fit for a King: Martin Bucer's ‘De Regno Christi’ (British Library, MS Royal 8 B VII and Pembroke College, Cambridge, MS 217) and Johannes Sturm's ‘De Periodis’ (Trinity College Library, Cambridge, II.12.21 and British Library, C.24.e.5).” Electronic British Library Journal (2015): 1–35.Google Scholar
Pollard, Tanya. “Greek Playbooks and Dramatic Forms in Early Modern England.” In Formal Matters: Reading the Materials of English Renaissance Literature, ed. Deutermann, Allison and Kiséry, András, 99–123. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Tanya. Greek Tragic Women on Shakespearean Stages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollnitz, Aysha. Princely Education in Early Modern Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purkiss, Diane, ed. Three Tragedies by Renaissance Women. London: Penguin, 1998.Google Scholar
Rataller, Georg, ed. Sophoclis Aiax Flagellifer, et Antigone. Eiusdem Electra. Lyon, 1550.Google Scholar
Rataller, Georg, ed. Sophoclis quotquot Extant Carmine Latino Redditae. Antwerp, 1576.Google Scholar
Rataller, Georg. Euripidis Poetae Tragici Tres Tragoediae, Phoenissae, Hippolytus Coronatus, atque Andromacha. Antwerp, 1581.Google Scholar
The Reception of Aristotle's Poetics in the Italian Renaissance and Beyond: New Directions in Criticism. Ed. Brazeau, Bryan. New York: Bloomsbury, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Repgen, Konrad. “What Is a ‘Religious War’?” In Politics and Society in Reformation Europe, ed. Kouri, E. I. and Scott, Tom, 311–28. London: Macmillan, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhein, Stefan. “Melanchthon and Greek Literature.” In Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560) and the Commentary, ed. Wengert, Timothy J. and Graham, M. Patrick, 149–70. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Richards, I. A.Principles of Literary Criticism. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1925.Google Scholar
Ritoók-Szalay, Ágnes. “Enarrat Electram Sophoclis.” In Dona Melanchthoniana, ed. Loehr, Johanna, 325–37. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 2001.Google Scholar
Robinson, Hastings, ed. and trans. The Zurich Letters. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1842–45.Google Scholar
Robinson, Hastings, ed. and trans. Original Letters Relative to the English Reformation. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1846–47.Google Scholar
Rudolph, Harriet. “Religious Wars in the Holy Roman Empire? From the Schmalkaldic War to the Thirty Years War.” In The European Wars of Religion (2016), 87–118.Google Scholar
Russell, D. A.Greek Declamation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, Cressida. “Sophocles Sublimis.” Anabases 21 (2015): 79–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, Cressida. “Camerarius and Sophocles.” In Camerarius Polyhistor, ed. Baier, Thomas, 147–67. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto, 2017.Google Scholar
Schofield, John. Philip Melanchthon and the English Reformation. Farnham: Ashgate, 2006.Google Scholar
Schorn-Schütte, Luise. “Justifying Force in Early Modern Doctrines on Self-Defence and Resistance.” In The European Wars of Religion (2016), 139–62.Google Scholar
Scriptorum Publice Propositorum a Professoribus in Academia Witebergensi, ab Anno 1540 usque ad Annum 1553. Wittenberg: heirs of Georg Rhau, 1560.Google Scholar
Seneca. Tragoediae. Ed. Philologus, Benedictus. Florence, 1506.Google Scholar
Seneca. Tragoediae Pristinae Integritati Restitutae. Ed. Erasmus, Desiderius. Paris, 1514.Google Scholar
Seneca. Seneca his Tenne Tragedies. Ed. Newton, Thomas. London, 1581.Google Scholar
Shuger, Debora K. The Renaissance Bible: Scholarship, Sacrifice, and Subjectivity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Sidney, Sir Philip. The Defence of Poesie. London: Ponsonby, 1595.Google Scholar
Smith, Bruce R. Ancient Scripts and Modern Experience on the English Stage, 1500–1700. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, William Bradford. “Origins of the Schmalkaldic League.” In Martin Luther in Context, ed. Whitford, David M., 143–51. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sommerville, Johann P. “The ‘New Art of Lying’: Equivocation, Mental Reservation, and Casuistry.” In Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe, ed. Leites, Edmund, 159–84. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spingarn, Joel Elias. A History of Literary Criticism in the Renaissance. New York, 1899.Google Scholar
Steiner, George. The Death of Tragedy. London: Faber and Faber, 1961.Google Scholar
Stiblin, Caspar, ed. Euripides Poeta Tragicorum Princeps, in Latinum Sermonem Conuersus. Basel, 1562.Google Scholar
Stillman, Robert E. Philip Sidney and the Poetics of Renaissance Cosmopolitanism. Farnham: Ashgate, 2008.Google Scholar
Streufert, Paul D. “Christopherson at Cambridge: Greco-Catholic Ethics in the Protestant University.” In Early Modern Academic Drama, ed. Walker, Jonathan and Streufert, Paul D., 45–64. Farnham: Ashgate, 2008.Google Scholar
Stupperich, Robert. “Aus Melanchthons Briefverkehr mit dem anhaltinischen Fürstenhause.” Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 59 (1968): 42–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stupperich, Robert. “Melanchthoniana inedita IV.” Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 74 (1983): 61–75.Google Scholar
Suthren, Carla. “Shakespeare and the Renaissance Reception of Euripides.” PhD diss., University of York, 2018.Google Scholar
Taylor, Kevin, and Waller, Giles, eds. Christian Theology and Tragedy: Theologians, Tragic Literature, and Tragic Theory. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.Google Scholar
Terence, . Terentius in sua metra restitutus. Ed. Philologus, Benedictus. Florence, 1505.Google Scholar
Turner, James. Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turyn, Alexander. Studies in the Manuscript Tradition of the Tragedies of Sophocles. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1952.Google Scholar
Waller, Giles. “Reformation Theology and the Christianization of Tragedy: Neoclassicism, Epistemology and Tragic Spectacle in the Christus Patiens Drama.” In The Transformations of Tragedy: Christian Influences from Early Modern to Modern, ed. Tonning, Fionnuala O'Neill, Tonning, Erik, and Mitchell, Jolyon, 116–39. Leiden: Brill, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, Thomas. Sophoclis Antigone. London: John Wolfe, 1581.Google Scholar
Wengert, Timothy J. “Melanchthon and Luther / Luther and Melanchthon.” Luther-Jahrbuch 66 (1999): 55–88.Google Scholar
Whitehead, Alfred North. Science and the Modern World. London: Macmillan, 1925.Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard, and Atkinson, W. F.. “Ethical Consistency.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes 39 (1965): 103–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, N. G.Scholars of Byzantium. 2nd ed.London: Duckworth, 1996.Google Scholar
Winshemius, Vitus. Interpretatio Tragoediarum Sophoclis, ad Utilitatem Iuuentutis, quae Studiosa Est Graecae Linguae. Frankfurt, 1547; 2nd ed. 1549.Google Scholar
Wolfe, Jessica. Homer and the Question of Strife from Erasmus to Hobbes. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfe, Jessica. “Hesiod and Christian Humanism, 1471–1667.” In The Oxford Handbook of Hesiod, ed. Loney, Alexander C. and Scully, Stephen, 431–44. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Woodbridge, Linda. “Resistance Theory Meets Drama: Tudor Seneca.” Renaissance Drama 38 (2010): 115–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xylander, Wilhelm, ed. Euripidis Tragoediae, quae Hodie Extant, Omnes . . . è Praelectionibus Philippi Melanthonis. Basel, 1558; 2nd ed. Frankfurt, 1562.Google Scholar
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Marl. G 6. Estienne. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, 8° C 259 Th. Oporinus. Dramata Sacra. Basel, 1547.Google Scholar
British Library, London, 998.b.2(2). Winshemius. Interpretatio Tragoediarum Sophoclis. Frankfurt, 1549.Google Scholar
Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford, O.5.13. Estienne. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
Firestone Library, Princeton University, 2018-0009Q. Polybius. Historiae. Basel: Herwagen, 1549.Google Scholar
Merton College, University of Oxford, 26.D.8. Estienne. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
Queen's College, University of Oxford, BB.v.34. Estienne. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
Reformationsgeschichtliche Forschungsbibliothek, Wittenberg, Hb Phil 2. Sophocles. Tragoediae Septem. Frankfurt: Braubach, 1544.Google Scholar
Amos, N. Scott. “The Alsatian among the Athenians: Martin Bucer, Mid-Tudor Cambridge and the Edwardian Reformation.” Reformation and Renaissance Review 4.1 (2002): 94–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amos, N. Scott. “Strangers in a Strange Land: The English Correspondence of Martin Bucer and Peter Martyr Vermigli.” In Peter Martyr Vermigli and the European Reformations: Semper Reformanda, ed. James, Frank A. III, 26–46. Leiden: Brill, 2004.Google Scholar
Aristotle. Poetics. Ed. and trans. Halliwell, Stephen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Ascham, Roger. The Whole Works of Roger Ascham. Ed. Giles, J. A.. 4 vols. London, 1864.Google Scholar
Bale, John. Index Britanniae Scriptorum. Ed. Poole, Reginald Lane and Bateson, Mary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902.Google Scholar
Billings, Joshua. Genealogy of the Tragic: Greek Tragedy and German Philosophy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Billings, Joshua, and Leonard, Miriam, eds. Tragedy and the Idea of Modernity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birck, Sixt. Sapientia Solomonis: Acted before the Queen by the Boys of Westminster School, January 17, 1565/6. Ed. Payne, Elizabeth Rogers. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1938.Google Scholar
Bishop, Paul. “Nietzsche's Anti-Christianity as a Return to (German) Classicism.” In Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition, ed. Bishop, Paul, 441–57. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2004.Google Scholar
Bornemisza, Peter. Tragoedia magiar nelvenn az Sophocles Electraiabol. Vienna, 1558.Google Scholar
Borza, Elia. Sophocles redivivus: La survie de Sophocle en Italie au début du XVIe siècle. Bari: Levante, 2007.Google Scholar
Bradley, A. C.Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on “Hamlet,” “Othello,” “King Lear,” “Macbeth.” London: Macmillan, 1904.Google Scholar
Brady, Thomas A. Protestant Politics: Jacob Sturm (1489–1553) and the German Reformation. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Brljak, Vladimir. “The Age of Allegory.” Studies in Philology 114.4 (2017): 697–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brljak, Vladimir. “Inventing a Renaissance: Modernity, Allegory, and the History of Literary Theory.” In The Reception of Aristotle's Poetics (2020), 60–93.Google Scholar
Brylinger, Nicolas, ed. Comoediae ac Tragoediae Aliquot. Basel, 1541.Google Scholar
Buchanan, George. Tragedies. Ed. Sharratt, P. and Walsh, P. G.. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Buchanan, George. A Dialogue on the Law of Kingship among the Scots. Ed. Mason, Roger A. and Smith, Martin S.. Farnham: Ashgate, 2004.Google Scholar
Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Trans. Middlemore, S. G. C.. London: Phaidon, 1945.Google Scholar
Burns, J. H., ed. The Cambridge History of Political Thought, 1450–1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camerarius, Joachim, ed. Σοφοκλέους τραγῳδίαι ἑπτά. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Haguenau, 1534.Google Scholar
Camerarius, Joachim, ed. Commentatio Explicationum Omnium Tragoediarum Sophoclis. Basel, 1556.Google Scholar
Christopherson, John. Jephthah. Ed. Fobes, Francis Howard. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1928.Google Scholar
A Companion to Sophocles. Ed. Ormand, Kirk. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawforth, Hannah. “The Politics of Greek Tragedy in Samson Agonistes.” The Seventeenth Century 31.2 (2016): 239–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demetriou, Tania, and Pollard, Tanya. “Homer and Greek Tragedy in Early Modern England's Theatres: An Introduction.” Classical Receptions Journal 9.1 (2017): 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Distilo, Nuala. “Un'edizione dell’Elettra di Euripide con Postille di Piero Vettori.” Studi Medievali e Umanistici 7 (2009): 203–24.Google Scholar
Doerries, Bryan. The Theatre of War. London: Scribe, 2015.Google Scholar
Easterling, P. E. “Menander: Loss and Survival.” Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, supplement 66 (1995): 153–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easterling, P. E. “Sophocles and the Byzantine Student.” In Porphyrogenita, ed. Dendrinos, Charalambos, Harris, Jonathan, Harvalia-Crook, Eirene, and Herrin, Judith, 319–34. Farnham: Ashgate, 2003.Google Scholar
Easterling, P. E. “Hypotheseis.” In Encyclopedia of Greek Tragedy, ed. Roisman, H. M., 706–10. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.Google Scholar
Ebeling, Gerhard. Luther: An Introduction to His Thought. Trans. Wilson, R. A.. London: Collins, 1970.Google Scholar
Elliott, John R. Records of Early English Drama: Oxford. 2 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Erasmus, Desiderius. Collected Works of Erasmus. Vol. 24, Literary and Educational Writings, ed. Thompson, Craig R., trans. Knott, Betty I. and McGregor, Brian. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estienne, Henri, ed. Tragoediae Selectae Aeschyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis cum Duplici Interpretatione Latina. Geneva, 1567.Google Scholar
Estienne, Henri, ed. Σοφοκλέους αἱ ἑπτά τραγῳδίαι. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Geneva, 1568.Google Scholar
The European Wars of Religion. Ed. Palaver, Wolfgang, Rudolph, Harriet, and Regensburger, Dietmar. London: Routledge, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairbank, Alfred J., and Dickins, Bruce. The Italic Hand in Tudor Cambridge. London: Bowes and Bowes, 1962.Google Scholar
Foxe, John. Two Latin Comedies by John Foxe the Martyrologist. Trans. Smith, John Hazel. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Fuller, Lon L. “The Case of the Speluncean Explorers.” Harvard Law Review 62.4 (1949): 616–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelen, Sigmund. Αριστοφάνους κωμωδίαι εννέα μετά σχολίων . . . Aristophanis Comoediae Novem cum Commentariis Antiquis. Basel, 1547.Google Scholar
Greschat, Martin. Martin Bucer: A Reformer and His Times. Trans. Buckwalter, Stephen E.. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 2004.Google Scholar
Grimald, Nicholas. The Life and Poems of Nicholas Grimald. Ed. Merrill, Le Roy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1925.Google Scholar
Grotefend, Hermann. Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1960.Google Scholar
Hare, Caspar. “Should We Wish Well to All?” The Philosophical Review 125.4 (2016): 451–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartfelder, Karl. Philipp Melanchthon als Praeceptor Germaniae. Berlin, 1889.Google Scholar
Haskell, Yasmin, and Garrod, Raphaële, eds. Changing Hearts: Performing Jesuit Emotions between Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Leiden: Brill, 2019.Google Scholar
Haug-Moritz, Gabriele. “The Holy Roman Empire, the Schmalkald League, and the Idea of Confessional Nation-Building.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 152.4 (2008): 427–39.Google Scholar
Heavey, Katherine, ed. Classical Tragedy Translated in Early Modern England. Special issue, Translation and Literature 29.1 (2020).Google Scholar
Herrick, Marvin T. Tragicomedy: Its Origin and Development in Italy, France, and England. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Hirsch, Rudolf. “The Printing Tradition of Aeschylus, Euripides, Sophocles and Aristophanes.” Gutenberg-Jahrbuch (1964): 138–46.Google Scholar
Hoxby, Blair. What Was Tragedy? Theory and the Early Modern Canon. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, G. K. “Seneca and the Elizabethans: A Case-Study in ‘Influence.’” Shakespeare Survey 20 (1967): 17–26.Google Scholar
Jaspers, Karl. Tragedy Is Not Enough. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1952.Google Scholar
Jayne, Sears Reynolds, and Johnson, Francis R., eds. The Lumley Library: The Catalogue of 1609. London: British Museum, 1956.Google Scholar
Jones, Mike Rodman. “The Tragical History of the Reformation: Edwardian, Marian, Shakespearian.” Review of English Studies 63.262 (2012): 743–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juhász-Ormsby, Ágnes. “Classical Reception in Sixteenth-Century Hungarian Drama.” In A Handbook to Classical Reception in Eastern and Central Europe, 233–44. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, Micha. “Aristotelian Criticism in Sixteenth-Century England.” In Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.148.Google Scholar
Lazarus, Micha. “The Dramatic Prologues of Alexander Nowell: Accommodating the Classics at 1540s Westminster.” Review of English Studies 69.288 (2018): 32–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, Micha. “Sound Aristotelians and How They Read.” In The Reception of Aristotle's Poetics (2020), 38–59.Google Scholar
Leo, Russ. “Scripture and Tragedy in the Reformation.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Early Modern England, ed. Killeen, Kevin, Smith, Helen, and Willie, Rachel, 498–517. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Leo, Russ. “Paul's Euripides, Greek Tragedy and Hebrew Antiquity in Paradise Regain'd.” The Seventeenth Century 31.2 (2016): 191–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leo, Russ. Tragedy as Philosophy in the Reformation World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liapis, Vayos. “Oedipus Tyrannus.” In A Companion to Sophocles (2012), 84–97.Google Scholar
Lurie, Michael. Die Suche nach der Schuld: Sophokles’ Oedipus Rex, Aristoteles’ Poetik und das Tragödienverständnis der Neuzeit. Munich: K. G. Saur, 2004.Google Scholar
Lurie, Michael. “Misreading Sophocles: Or Why Does the History of Interpretation Matter?” Antike und Abendland 52 (2006): 1–15.Google Scholar
Lurie, Michael. “Facing Up to Tragedy: Toward an Intellectual History of Sophocles in Europe from Camerarius to Nietzsche.” In A Companion to Sophocles (2012), 440–61.Google Scholar
Luther, Martin. D. Martin Luthers Werke. Briefwechsel. 18 vols. Weimar: H. Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1930–85.Google Scholar
MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Thomas Cranmer: A Life. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation. London: Allen Lane, 1999.Google Scholar
Marchand, Suzanne. Down from Olympus: Archaeology and Philhellenism in Germany, 1750–1970. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Mastronarde, Donald J. The Art of Euripides: Dramatic Technique and Social Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melanchthon, Philip, ed. Aristophanis Poetae Comici Nubes. Wittenberg, 1521.Google Scholar
Melanchthon, Philip. Opera quae Supersunt Omnia. Ed. Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb and Bindseil, Heinrich Ernst. 28 vols. Halis Saxonum: Schwetschke, 1834–60.Google Scholar
Melanchthon, Philip. Melanchthons Briefwechsel. Ed. Scheible, Heinz and Mundhenk, Christine. 32 vols. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 1977–.Google Scholar
Melanchthon, Philip. A Melanchthon Reader. Trans. Keen, Ralph. New York: P. Lang, 1988.Google Scholar
Methuen, Charlotte. “The English Reformation in Wittenberg: Luther and Melanchthon's Engagement with Religious Change in England 1521–1560.” Reformation and Renaissance Review 20.3 (2018): 209–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milton, John. The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. London, 1649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miola, Robert S. “Early Modern Antigones: Receptions, Refractions, Replays.” Classical Receptions Journal 6.2 (2014): 221–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miola, Robert S. “Representing Orestes’ Revenge.” Classical Receptions Journal 9.1 (2016): 144–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mossman, Judith. Wild Justice: A Study of Euripides’ Hecuba. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Mumme, Jonathan. “The University of Wittenberg.” In Martin Luther in Context, ed. Whitford, David M., 38–46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mund-Dopchie, Monique. “Un collaborateur de Pier Vettori.” Bulletin de l'Institut Historique Belge de Rome 37 (1966): 109–14.Google Scholar
Naogeorgus, Thomas. Tragoedia Nova Pammachius. Wittenberg, 1538.Google Scholar
Naogeorgus, Thomas. Iudas Iscariotes, Tragoedia Nova et Sacra . . . Adiunctae Sunt quoque Duae Sophoclis Tragoediae, Aiax flagellifer & Philoctetes. Tübingen, 1552.Google Scholar
Naogeorgus, Thomas. Sophoclis Tragoediae Septem. Basel, 1558.Google Scholar
Nelson, Alan H. Records of Early English Drama: Cambridge. 2 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Nichols, John Gough. Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth. 2 vols. London, 1857.Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings. Ed. Geuss, Raymond and Speirs, Ronald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Norland, Howard B. Drama in Early Tudor Britain, 1485–1558. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Ochino, Bernardino. A Tragoedie or Dialoge. Trans. Ponet, John. London, 1549.Google Scholar
Oporinus, Joannes, ed. Dramata Sacra. 2 vols. Basel, 1547.Google Scholar
Overell, Anne. Italian Reform and English Reformations, c.1535–c.1585. Farnham: Ashgate, 2008.Google Scholar
Parente, James A. Religious Drama and the Humanist Tradition: Christian Theater in Germany and in the Netherlands, 1500–1680. Leiden: Brill, 1987.Google Scholar
Pauck, Wilhelm, ed. and trans. Melanchthon and Bucer. London: SCM Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Pohl, Benjamin, and Tether, Leah. “Books Fit for a King: Martin Bucer's ‘De Regno Christi’ (British Library, MS Royal 8 B VII and Pembroke College, Cambridge, MS 217) and Johannes Sturm's ‘De Periodis’ (Trinity College Library, Cambridge, II.12.21 and British Library, C.24.e.5).” Electronic British Library Journal (2015): 1–35.Google Scholar
Pollard, Tanya. “Greek Playbooks and Dramatic Forms in Early Modern England.” In Formal Matters: Reading the Materials of English Renaissance Literature, ed. Deutermann, Allison and Kiséry, András, 99–123. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Tanya. Greek Tragic Women on Shakespearean Stages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollnitz, Aysha. Princely Education in Early Modern Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purkiss, Diane, ed. Three Tragedies by Renaissance Women. London: Penguin, 1998.Google Scholar
Rataller, Georg, ed. Sophoclis Aiax Flagellifer, et Antigone. Eiusdem Electra. Lyon, 1550.Google Scholar
Rataller, Georg, ed. Sophoclis quotquot Extant Carmine Latino Redditae. Antwerp, 1576.Google Scholar
Rataller, Georg. Euripidis Poetae Tragici Tres Tragoediae, Phoenissae, Hippolytus Coronatus, atque Andromacha. Antwerp, 1581.Google Scholar
The Reception of Aristotle's Poetics in the Italian Renaissance and Beyond: New Directions in Criticism. Ed. Brazeau, Bryan. New York: Bloomsbury, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Repgen, Konrad. “What Is a ‘Religious War’?” In Politics and Society in Reformation Europe, ed. Kouri, E. I. and Scott, Tom, 311–28. London: Macmillan, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhein, Stefan. “Melanchthon and Greek Literature.” In Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560) and the Commentary, ed. Wengert, Timothy J. and Graham, M. Patrick, 149–70. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Richards, I. A.Principles of Literary Criticism. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1925.Google Scholar
Ritoók-Szalay, Ágnes. “Enarrat Electram Sophoclis.” In Dona Melanchthoniana, ed. Loehr, Johanna, 325–37. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 2001.Google Scholar
Robinson, Hastings, ed. and trans. The Zurich Letters. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1842–45.Google Scholar
Robinson, Hastings, ed. and trans. Original Letters Relative to the English Reformation. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1846–47.Google Scholar
Rudolph, Harriet. “Religious Wars in the Holy Roman Empire? From the Schmalkaldic War to the Thirty Years War.” In The European Wars of Religion (2016), 87–118.Google Scholar
Russell, D. A.Greek Declamation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, Cressida. “Sophocles Sublimis.” Anabases 21 (2015): 79–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, Cressida. “Camerarius and Sophocles.” In Camerarius Polyhistor, ed. Baier, Thomas, 147–67. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto, 2017.Google Scholar
Schofield, John. Philip Melanchthon and the English Reformation. Farnham: Ashgate, 2006.Google Scholar
Schorn-Schütte, Luise. “Justifying Force in Early Modern Doctrines on Self-Defence and Resistance.” In The European Wars of Religion (2016), 139–62.Google Scholar
Scriptorum Publice Propositorum a Professoribus in Academia Witebergensi, ab Anno 1540 usque ad Annum 1553. Wittenberg: heirs of Georg Rhau, 1560.Google Scholar
Seneca. Tragoediae. Ed. Philologus, Benedictus. Florence, 1506.Google Scholar
Seneca. Tragoediae Pristinae Integritati Restitutae. Ed. Erasmus, Desiderius. Paris, 1514.Google Scholar
Seneca. Seneca his Tenne Tragedies. Ed. Newton, Thomas. London, 1581.Google Scholar
Shuger, Debora K. The Renaissance Bible: Scholarship, Sacrifice, and Subjectivity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Sidney, Sir Philip. The Defence of Poesie. London: Ponsonby, 1595.Google Scholar
Smith, Bruce R. Ancient Scripts and Modern Experience on the English Stage, 1500–1700. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, William Bradford. “Origins of the Schmalkaldic League.” In Martin Luther in Context, ed. Whitford, David M., 143–51. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sommerville, Johann P. “The ‘New Art of Lying’: Equivocation, Mental Reservation, and Casuistry.” In Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe, ed. Leites, Edmund, 159–84. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spingarn, Joel Elias. A History of Literary Criticism in the Renaissance. New York, 1899.Google Scholar
Steiner, George. The Death of Tragedy. London: Faber and Faber, 1961.Google Scholar
Stiblin, Caspar, ed. Euripides Poeta Tragicorum Princeps, in Latinum Sermonem Conuersus. Basel, 1562.Google Scholar
Stillman, Robert E. Philip Sidney and the Poetics of Renaissance Cosmopolitanism. Farnham: Ashgate, 2008.Google Scholar
Streufert, Paul D. “Christopherson at Cambridge: Greco-Catholic Ethics in the Protestant University.” In Early Modern Academic Drama, ed. Walker, Jonathan and Streufert, Paul D., 45–64. Farnham: Ashgate, 2008.Google Scholar
Stupperich, Robert. “Aus Melanchthons Briefverkehr mit dem anhaltinischen Fürstenhause.” Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 59 (1968): 42–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stupperich, Robert. “Melanchthoniana inedita IV.” Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 74 (1983): 61–75.Google Scholar
Suthren, Carla. “Shakespeare and the Renaissance Reception of Euripides.” PhD diss., University of York, 2018.Google Scholar
Taylor, Kevin, and Waller, Giles, eds. Christian Theology and Tragedy: Theologians, Tragic Literature, and Tragic Theory. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.Google Scholar
Terence, . Terentius in sua metra restitutus. Ed. Philologus, Benedictus. Florence, 1505.Google Scholar
Turner, James. Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turyn, Alexander. Studies in the Manuscript Tradition of the Tragedies of Sophocles. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1952.Google Scholar
Waller, Giles. “Reformation Theology and the Christianization of Tragedy: Neoclassicism, Epistemology and Tragic Spectacle in the Christus Patiens Drama.” In The Transformations of Tragedy: Christian Influences from Early Modern to Modern, ed. Tonning, Fionnuala O'Neill, Tonning, Erik, and Mitchell, Jolyon, 116–39. Leiden: Brill, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, Thomas. Sophoclis Antigone. London: John Wolfe, 1581.Google Scholar
Wengert, Timothy J. “Melanchthon and Luther / Luther and Melanchthon.” Luther-Jahrbuch 66 (1999): 55–88.Google Scholar
Whitehead, Alfred North. Science and the Modern World. London: Macmillan, 1925.Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard, and Atkinson, W. F.. “Ethical Consistency.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes 39 (1965): 103–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, N. G.Scholars of Byzantium. 2nd ed.London: Duckworth, 1996.Google Scholar
Winshemius, Vitus. Interpretatio Tragoediarum Sophoclis, ad Utilitatem Iuuentutis, quae Studiosa Est Graecae Linguae. Frankfurt, 1547; 2nd ed. 1549.Google Scholar
Wolfe, Jessica. Homer and the Question of Strife from Erasmus to Hobbes. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfe, Jessica. “Hesiod and Christian Humanism, 1471–1667.” In The Oxford Handbook of Hesiod, ed. Loney, Alexander C. and Scully, Stephen, 431–44. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Woodbridge, Linda. “Resistance Theory Meets Drama: Tudor Seneca.” Renaissance Drama 38 (2010): 115–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xylander, Wilhelm, ed. Euripidis Tragoediae, quae Hodie Extant, Omnes . . . è Praelectionibus Philippi Melanthonis. Basel, 1558; 2nd ed. Frankfurt, 1562.Google Scholar