Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-20T22:15:44.328Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Jacob Boehme and Paul Tillich on Trinity and God: Similarities and Differences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2008

John P. Dourley
Affiliation:
Department of Religion, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, CanadaK1S 5B6

Abstract

Paul Tillich borrows central motifs in his trinitarian theology from Jacob Boehme, the seventeenth-century German mystic. Tillich draws a picture of divine life as embroiled in a conflict of opposites between the abyss and the light of the Logos. Boehme also depicted divine life as engaged in inner turmoil. But, unlike Tillich, Boehme's experience and imagery suggest that the eternal divine self-contradiction could only be solved in human consciousness and history. The paper suggests that trinitarian thinkers such as Tillich cannot give to creation and its processes the same seriousness as does Boehme who implicates humanity in the redemption of divinity through the task imposed on it as the sole locus in which the divine opposites can be differentiated and consciously integrated.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Weeks, Andrew, Boehme, An Intellectual Biography of the Seventeenth-Century Mystic and Philosopher (Albany: State University of New York, 1991), pp. 1, 125.Google Scholar

2 Ibid. p. 61.

3 Walsh, David, The Mysticism of Inner Worldly Fulfillment (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1991), pp. 10, 11.Google Scholar

4 Pauck, Marion, Paul Tillich, His Life and Thought (New York: Harper and Row, 1976), pp. 79, 81, 108.Google Scholar

5 Hegel, G. W. F., Lectures on the History of Philosophy, trans. Haldane, E. S. and Simson, Frances H., vol. 3 (London: Routledge Keegan and Paul, 1896), pp. 189, 192Google Scholar: Weeks, , op. cit. p. 129.Google Scholar

6 Hegel, , op. cit. p. 193.Google Scholar

7 Hegel, , op. cit. p. 188Google Scholar; Weeks, , op. cit. pp. 3, 129.Google Scholar

8 Darby, Tom, The Feast, Meditations on Politics and Time (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982), p. 154.Google Scholar

9 Walsh, , op. cit. pp. 29, 30.Google ScholarWeeks, Andrew, German Mysticism from Hildegarde of Bingen to Ludwig Wittgenstein (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993), p. 170.Google Scholar

10 Tillich, Paul, Systematic Theology, vol. I (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1951), p. 3.Google Scholar

11 Tillich, , op. cit. pp. 55, 56.Google Scholar

12 Hegel, , op. cit. p. 195.Google Scholar

13 Boehme, Jacob, The Forty Questions of the Soul and the Clavis, trans. Sparrow, John (London: John M. Watkins, 1991).Google Scholar

14 Tillich, , op. cit. p. 73.Google Scholar

15 Boehme, Jacob, The Clavis, op. cit. sec. 18, p. 2.Google Scholar

16 Tillich, Paul, The Courage to Be (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1952), pp. 186f.Google Scholar

17 Boehme, Jacob, op. cit. sec. 26, p. 4.Google Scholar

18 Stoudt, John, Sunrise to Eternity (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1957), p. 80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19 On the comparison to Eckhart cf. Walsh, , op. cit. p. 69Google Scholar; Weeks, , Boehme. An Intellectual Biography of the Seventeenth-Century Philosopher and Mystic, op. cit. p. 208,Google Scholar fn. 17.

20 Cf., for instance, Meister Eckhart as translated by Schurmann, Reiner, Meister Eckhart (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978)Google Scholar, ‘Blessed are the Poor’, pp. 219f.

21 Boehme, Jacob, op. cit. sec. 8, p. v.Google Scholar

22 Weeks, , Boehme. An Intellectual Biography of the Seventeenth-Century Philosopher and Mystic, op. cit. p. 193.Google Scholar

23 Weeks, Google Scholar, Ibid. pp. 79, 149.

24 Boehme, Jacob, Mysterium Pansophicum in Six Theosophical Points, trans. Earle, J. R. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1958)Google Scholar, the first text,, following p. 137.

25 Cf. such typical formulations of these primary opposites in Boehme, , Six Theosophical Points, op. cit. pp. 25–7Google Scholar, and in the Clavis, op. cit., secs. 193–7, pp. 47, 48.

26 Boehme, Jacob, The Three Principles of the Divine Essence (Chicago: Yogi Publication Society, 1909)Google Scholar, Ch. 1, secs. 68, 69, p. 49.

27 Boehme, Jacob, The Way to Christ, trans. Erb, Peter (New York: Paulist Press, 1978), sec. 14, p. 154.Google Scholar

28 Boehme, , The Clavis, op. cit. sec. 197, p. 48.Google Scholar

29 Stoudt, , op. cit. p. 216.Google Scholar

30 Ibid. p. 215.

31 Weeks, , Boehme. An Intellectual Biography of the Seventeenth-Century Philosopher and Mystic, op. cit. p. 125.Google Scholar

32 Stoudt, , op. cit. p. 259.Google Scholar

33 Tillich, , Systematic Theology, vol. I, op. cit. p. 251.Google Scholar

34 Ibid. p. 110.

35 Ibid. p. 250.

36 Walsh, , op. cit. p. 36Google Scholar; Weeks, , op. cit. p. 117Google Scholar, where reference is made to Jung, and p. 181; Stoudt, , op. cit. pp. 97, 98.Google Scholar

37 Cf. for example, Jung's reference to Boehme's flash of lightning in his analysis of a client's drawing, and his analysis of Boehme's inverted mandala, , ‘A Study in the Process of Individuation’, Collected Works, vol. 9i (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), par. 534, pp. 295 and 297.Google Scholar

38 Tillich, , Systematic Theology, vol. III (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), p. 405.Google Scholar

39 This is the basis of Tillich's doctrine of the ‘Ontological Elements’, Systematic Theology, vol. I, op. cit. pp. 174f.

40 Tillich, , Systematic Theology, vol. I, op. cit. p. 246.Google Scholar

41 Ibid. p. 180.

42 Cf. Peter Hodgson, C., ‘Editorial Introduction’, Hegel Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. III (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), pp. 15, 27, 39, 51.Google Scholar

43 Tillich, , Systematic Theology, vol. I, op. cit. p. 248Google Scholar. Cf. also pp. 180, 181.

44 Walsh, , op. cit. p. 57.Google Scholar

45 Weeks, , Boehme. An Intellectual Biography of the Seventeenth-Century Philosopher and Mystic, op. cit. pp. 63, 105.Google Scholar

46 Walsh, , op. cit. pp. 13, 21.Google Scholar

47 Tillich, , Systematic Theology, vol. II (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1957), pp. 33–6.Google Scholar

48 Ibid. p. 4.

49 Weeks, , Boehme. An Intellectual Biographer of the Seventeenth-Century Philosopher and Mystic, op. cit. pp. 88, 105Google Scholar; Walsh, , op. cit. pp. 84, 92Google Scholar; Berdyaev, Nicolas, ‘Introductory Essay’, Six Theosophic Points (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1958), p. XXV.Google Scholar

50 Ibid. pp. xxx, xxxi.

51 Tillich, , Systematic Theology, vol. II, op. cit. pp. 44, 91.Google Scholar

52 Ibid. p. 29.

53 Boehme, , The Clavis, op. cit. secs. 149, 150, p. 37.Google Scholar

54 Ibid. sec. 194, p. 47.

55 Walsh, , op. cit. pp. 88, 89.Google Scholar

56 Berdyaev, , op. cit. p. xviii.Google Scholar

57 Ibid. pp. xv–xxvii.

58 Tillich, , Systematic Theology, vol. II, op. cit. pp. 90–3.Google Scholar

59 Ibid. p. 148.

60 Tillich, , Systematic Theology, vol. I, op. cit. pp. 147f.Google Scholar

61 Ibid. pp. 15, 122; Systematic Theology, vol. III, op. cit. pp. 153, 154.

62 Ibid. Systematic Theology, vol. III. op. cit. pp. 88–92, 172–217.

63 Stoudt, op. cit. p. 293.

64 Boehme, , The Three Principles of the Divine Essence, op. cit. sec. 27, p. 452Google Scholar; Stoudt, , op. cit. p. 292.Google Scholar

65 Stoudt, , op. cit. p. 293.Google Scholar

66 Weeks, , Boehme. An Intellectual Biography of the Seventeenth-Century Philosopher and Mystic, op. cit. pp. 46, 57, 133.Google Scholar

67 Ibid. pp. 66, 150, 176, 177; Stoudt, op. cit. p. 275.

68 Stoudt, op. cit. p. 277.

69 Weeks, , Boehme. An Intellectual Biography of the Seventeenth-Century Philosopher and Mystic, op. cit. pp. 26, 150, 176, 177.Google Scholar

70 Ibid. p. 50.

71 Ibid. pp. 133, 203.

72 Ibid. pp. 202, 203. Cf. for example, Boehme, The Three Principles of the Divine Essence, op. cit. sec. 77, pp. 435, 436.

73 Ibid. p. 187.

74 Ibid. pp. 36, 150, 151, 165.

75 Tillich, Systematic Theology, vol. III, op. cit. pp. 406f.

76 Ibid. p. 414.

77 Ibid. p. 422

78 Stoudt, , op. cit. pp. 300, 302.Google Scholar

79 Cf. Walsh, op. cit.

80 Weeks, , Boehme. An Intellectual Biography of the Seventeenth-Century Philosopher and Mystic, op. cit. p. 130.Google Scholar

81 Hopper, David, A Theological Portrait (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1968), Ch. 3, pp. 65101.Google Scholar