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Les facteurs de la dépollution dans les pays en transition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Natalia Zugravu ,
Katrin Millock  and
Gérard Duchene
Natalia Zugravu
Affiliation:
Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106/112 Bd. de l'Hôpital, 75647 Paris Cedex 13, France, E-mail: nzugravu@yahoo.com
Katrin Millock
Affiliation:
Paris School of Economics, CNRS, Centre d'Economic de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 106/112 Bd. de l'Hôpital, 75647 Paris Cedex 13, France, E-mail: millock@univ-parisl.fr
Gérard Duchene
Affiliation:
ERUDITE, Université Pans 12, 61, avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France, E-mail: duchene@univ-parisl2.fr
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Résumé

Les pays en transition ont considérablement réduit leurs émissions de CO2 entre 1995 et 2003. Cette performance est-elle due à l'application d'une politique volontariste de la part des gouvernements, ou bien est-elle un simple effet collatéral de la transformation industrielle majeure subie par ces pays ? Nous tentons de répondre à cette question en développant deux équations structurelles pour la demande (émissions) et l'offre (politique) de pollution. L'équation de l'offre prend en compte la qualité institutionnelle du pays, aussi bien que les préférences des consommateurs pour la qualité de l'environnement. Nos résultats montrent que, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, l'effet d'échelle de la production seul aurait expliqué une augmentation de 31 % des émissions industrielles de CO2 dans les pays en transition entre 1995 et 2003, et l'effet de structure de la production aurait contribué à une augmentation de 8,4 % de ces émissions. Cependant, l'effet technique, qui découle de la sévérité de la politique environnementale, s'est traduit par une réduction de 58 % des émissions industrielles de CO2, et a permis ainsi une réduction nette des émissions industrielles de CO2 de 18 % en 2003 par rapport à 1995. Enfin, notre étude confirme l'importance des facteurs institutionnels dans l'explication des émissions dans les pays en transition.

Summary

Summary

The Central and Eastern European countries significantly reduced their CO2 emissions between 1995 and 2003. Was this emission reduction just the fortuitous result of the major economic transformation undergone by countries in transition? Or is it rather a result of more stringent environmental policy? The objective of the article is to answer this question through a simultaneous equation model of the demand (emissions) and supply (environmental stringency) of pollution. The supply equation takes into account the institutional quality of the country as well as consumer preferences for environmental quality. The results indicate that, all else equal, output growth would have increased CO2 industrial emissions in the Central and Eastern European countries in our sample by 31% between 1995 and 2003, and the composition effect corresponded to an increase of 8.4% of these emissions. Nevertheless, the technique effect, induced by more stringent environmental policy, reduced industrial CO2 emissions by 58%, and allowed for a final beneficial result for the nvironment, i.e., -18% of industrial CO2 emissions in 2003 compared to 1995. Finally, our study confirms the importance of institutional factors in the explanation and further prediction of pollution reduction in transition economies.

Keywords

transitionémissions CO2effet d'échellede composition et techniqueC33P5Q58TransitionCO2 emissionsenvironmental policyscalecomposition and technique effectsC33P5Q58
Type
Research Article
Information
Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review , Volume 75 , Issue 4 , December 2009 , pp. 461 - 501
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2009 

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