No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Capital and Labour Movements in the European Community*
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 August 2016
Extract
Most of the emphasis and interest in negotiations and assessments concerning integration tends to concentrate on products rather than inputs. However, freedom of movement of products within the EC does not necessarily entail the absence of protection or completely free competition if there are still constraints on inputs. In the case of imported produced inputs, intermediate goods and services, the subject has been extensively explored with the measurement of effective protection. The differences between nominal rates and effective rates can be quite striking. If the EC’s Common External Tariff were 5% on a particular product while the CET on the main produced inputs, which form 50% of the production costs, is zero then the effective rate of protection is double the nominal rate (all other influences such as differential transport costs for the finished and intermediate products being ignored). Effective protection is thus the rate of protection of the value added in the production of the final product.
- Type
- Part Three: Foreign Investment and Factor Mobility
- Information
- Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review , Volume 50 , Issue 3-4 , 1984 , pp. 269 - 295
- Copyright
- Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 1984
Footnotes
*
The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily coincide with any which may be held by NEDO.
**
National Economic Development Office, Millbank Tower, Millbank, London.
References
Aitken, N.D. (1973), The Effect of the EEC and EFTA on European Trade; a Temporal Cross-Section Analysis, American Economic Review, (December) vol. 63, no. 5.Google Scholar
Bluet, J.C. and Systermanns, Y. (1968), Modele gravitationel d’ échanges internationaux de produits manufacturés, Bulletin du CEPREMAP, (January) Vol. 1 (new series).Google Scholar
Bourguignon, F., Gallais-Hamonno, G. and Fernet, B. (1977), International Labour Migrations and Economic Choices: The European Case, Paris, Development Centre of the OECD.Google Scholar
El-Agraa, A.M. and Goodrich, P.S. (1980), Factor Mobility with Specific Reference to the Accounting Profession, ch 16 in A.M. El-Agraa (ed) The Economics of the European Community, 1st edition, Oxford, Philip Allan.Google Scholar
Emerson, M. (1979), The European Monetary System in the Broader Setting of the Community’s Economic and Political Development, in Trezise, P.H. (ed) The European Monetary System; Its Promise and Prospects, Washington, Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Linnemann, H. (1966), An Econometric Study of International Trade Flows, Amsterdam, North Holland.Google Scholar
Lunn, J. (1983), Determinants of US Direct Investment in the EEC revisted again, European Economic Review, vol 21. pp. 391–393.Google Scholar
Mayes, D.G. (1978), The Effects of Economic Integration on Trade, Journal of Common Market Studies, (September) vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–25.Google Scholar
Mayes, D.G. (1983), Memorandum and Evidence, pp. 66–96, in House of Lords Select Committee on the European Communities, Trade Patterns: The United Kingdom’s Changing Trade Patterns Subsequent to Membership of the European Community, HL (41) 7th Report, Session 1983–4, London, HMSO.Google Scholar
Scaperlanda, A. and Balough, R.S. (1983), Determinants of US Direct Investment in the EEC Revisited, European Economic Review, vol. 21, pp. 381–390.Google Scholar