Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-wbk2r Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-18T21:03:32.979Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A New Tree-Ring Width, δ13C and 14C Investigation of the Two Creeks Site

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

Steven W. Leavitt  and
Robert M. Kalin
Steven W. Leavitt
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research
Robert M. Kalin
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We have made isotopic and dendrochronologic measurements on material collected from the Two Creeks site. Radiocarbon dating of outside wood of four logs yielded an average age of 11,760 ± 100 BP, in good agreement with results of Broecker and Farrand (1963) over 25 years ago. The range of 11,640 ± 160 to 11,900 ± 160 BP suggests a period of forest growth of 200–300 years, consistent with a ring-width chronology established by Kaiser (1987). Ring counting of five specimens gave a range of individual tree ages from 110 to 182 years, and width measurements indicate very low year-to-year variation in ring size. However, preliminary cross-dating of five samples produced a 202-year floating chronology. Stable-carbon isotope chronologies on cellulose from five-year ring groups show δ13C scatter among trees typical of that found within modern sites, with some matches of isotopic maxima and minima. Some downward δ13C trends may result from physiological response to rising lake levels (and/or cooling temperatures) at the site, which also produced very narrow rings in the outer ca. 50 ± 20 years.

Type
IV. Paleoclimatology
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 34 , Issue 3: Proceedings of the 14th International Radiocarbon Conference , 1992 , pp. 792 - 797
Copyright
Copyright © The American Journal of Science 

References

Angeles, G., Evert, R. F. and Kozlowski, T. T. 1986 Development of lenticels and adventitious roots in flooded Ulmus americana seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16: 585–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broecker, W. S. and Farrand, W. R. 1963 Radiocarbon age of the Two Creeks forest bed, Wisconsin. Geological Society of America Bulletin 74: 795–802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dzurec, R. S., Boutton, T. W., Caldwell, M. M. and Smith, B. N. 1985 Carbon isotope ratios of soil organic matter and their use in assessing community composition changes in Carlew Valley, Utah. Oecologia 66: 17–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francey, R. J. and Farquhar, G. D. 1982 An explanation of C–13/C–12 variations in tree rings. Nature 297: 28–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldthwait, J. S. 1907 The abandoned shorelines of eastern Wisconsin. Wisconsin Geological Survey Bulletin 17: 134 p.Google Scholar
Gomes, A. R. S. and Kozlowski, T. T. 1980 Growth responses and adaptions of Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings to flooding. Plant Physiology 66: 267–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaiser, K. F. 1987 Late glacial reforestation in the Swiss Mittelland and in Wisconsin illustrated by the Daettnau and the Two Creeks buried forest. In Jacoby, G. C. and Hornbeck, J. W., eds., International Symposium on Ecological Aspects of Tree-Ring Analysis. DOE Publication #CONF-8608144: 291–297e.Google Scholar
Leavitt, S. W. and Long, A. 1988 Stable carbon isotope chronologies from trees in the southwestern United States. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2: 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leavitt, S. W. and Long, A. 1989 Intertree variability of δ13C in tree rings. In Rundel, P. W., Ehleringer, J. R. and Nagy, K. A., eds., Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research. New York, Springer-Verlag: 95–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Libby, W. F. 1955 Radiocarbon Dating, 2nd edition. Chicago, University of Chicago Press: 175 p.Google Scholar
Long, A. and Kalin, R. M. 1990 A suggested quality assurance protocol for radiocarbon dating laboratories. In Scott, E. M., Long, A. and Kra, R. S., eds., Proceedings of the International Workshop on Intercomparison of Radiocarbon Laboratories. Radiocarbon 32(3): 329–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, A. V. and Morgan, A. 1979 The fossil Coleoptera of the Two Creeks forest bed, Wisconsin. Quaternary Research 12: 226–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M., Braziunas, T. F., Becker, B., and Kromer, B. 1991 Climatic, solar, oceanic and geomagnetic influences on late-glacial and Holocene atmospheric 14C/12C change. Quaternary Research 35: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topa, M. A. and McLeod, K. W. 1986 Responses of Pinus clausa, Pinus serotina and Pinus taeda seedlings to anaerobic solution culture. II. Changes in tissue nutrient concentration and net acquisition. Physiologia Plantarum 68: 532–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, L. R. 1932 The Two Creeks forest bed, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Transactions 27: 31–46.Google Scholar
Wilson, L. R. 1936 Further studies of the Two Creeks forest bed, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin 63: 317–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yapp, C. J. and Epstein, S. 1977 Climatic implications of D/H ratios of meteoric water over North America (9500–22,000 bp) as inferred from ancient wood cellulose C-H hydrogen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 34: 333–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar