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INFLUENCE OF AIR PARCELS FROM NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERES ON RADIOCARBON-BASED INCA CHRONOLOGY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2022

Santiago Ancapichún ,
Jacek Pawlyta Open the ORCID record for Jacek Pawlyta [Opens in a new window] ,
Andrzej Z Rakowski Open the ORCID record for Andrzej Z Rakowski [Opens in a new window]  and
Dominika Sieczkowska Open the ORCID record for Dominika Sieczkowska [Opens in a new window]
Santiago Ancapichún
Affiliation:
Postgraduate School in Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica (CIGA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
Jacek Pawlyta
Affiliation:
AGH, University of Sciences and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Andrzej Z Rakowski*
Affiliation:
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Dominika Sieczkowska
Affiliation:
Centre for Andean Studies at Cusco, University of Warsaw, Poland
*
*Corresponding author. Email: Andrzej.Rakowski@polsl.pl
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Abstract

The chronology of Machu Picchu was traditionally associated with the period attributed to the reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui. Within the scheme of the so-called “historical chronology”, proposed by John H. Rowe in 1945, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around 1438 CE, and the construction of Machu Picchu began by 1450–1460 CE. Several radiocarbon-dated samples may help to understand the chronology of the construction of llaqta of Machu Picchu, Chachabamba, and Choqesuysuy. However, there is a lack of consensus between different radiocarbon-based Inca chronologies because of the lack of information of which calibration curves to use: Northern Hemisphere (NH), Southern Hemisphere (SH), or a mixed calibration curve? Thus, the main goal of the present investigation is to develop a new methodological approach to reconstruct a radiocarbon-based Incan chronology, an approach based on the determination, through modeling, of the proportion of NH and SH air parcels arriving at three relevant Inca settlements. We found air parcel contributions from the NH and SH for Machu Picchu (51% NH and 49% SH), Chamical (29% NH and 71% SH), and Tiquischullpa (41% NH and 59% SH). Thereby, our investigation brings three proportions to mix NH and SH 14C curves, based on an empirical method and supported by a high-resolution paleoclimatic tracer, for Inca radiocarbon dating studies. Our study emphasizes that great attention should be paid when applying radiocarbon calibration to radiocarbon measurements of samples originating from regions under the influence of the atmospheric circulation-boundary between hemispheres.

Keywords

calibration curvesInca chronologyMachu Picchuradiocarbon datingTLPB
Type
Conference Paper
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 64 , Issue 6: 3rd Radiocarbon in the Environment Conference Gliwice, Poland, July 5–9, 2021 , December 2022 , pp. 1431 - 1446
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona

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Footnotes

Selected Papers from the 3rd Radiocarbon in the Environment Conference, Gliwice, Poland, 5–9 July 2021

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