Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-tsvsl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-31T07:13:29.490Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cosmogenic Radiocarbon and Cyclical Natural Processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

Valentin Dergachev  and
Vladimir Chistyakov
Valentin Dergachev
Affiliation:
A. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Polytechnicheskaya 26 St. Petersburg 194021 Russia
Vladimir Chistyakov
Affiliation:
Ussuriiysk Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ussuriiysk-19 Primorskiy Krai 692519 Russia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We investigated relations among solar activity, climate and cosmogenic radiocarbon in a time series of various astrophysical, geophysical, archaeological and historical data. We studied records of tree-ring thickness, aurora borealis, the catalog of visible sunspots, sedimentary deposits from lakes and oceans, global glacial advance and retreat chronology, polar ice cores and human migrations. In these data, we searched for evidence of medium- and long-term solar cycles. Application of different spectral techniques to the atmospheric 14C concentration time series indicates the existence of spectral lines at a few dominant periodicities ranging from 11 yr to ca. 2 ka. Different laboratories have confirmed the presence of the ca. 210-and 2000-yr spectral features in long 14C series in tree rings. The ca. 210-yr 14C cycle is probably caused by heliomagnetic modulation of the cosmic-ray flux. The extrema of both the ca. 210-yr 14C period and solar activity correlate with the cold and warm epochs of global climate, at least for the past millennium, and this correlation has the correct sign. The periods of low solar activity are well correlated with the Little Ice Ages. The cause of the ca. 2 ka 14C period is, as yet, uncertain, but evidence from the analyses of various natural records shows that it could have a solar origin. In this study, we obtained powerful manifestations of solar activity and climate warming epochs at ca. 1500, 3800, 6100, 8200, 10,500 and 12,600 bp. A similar feature occurs in epochs of minimum amplitude in the 14C content in tree rings. Thus, solar activity may affect both the 14C content in the Earth's atmosphere and climate.

Type
III. Calibration of the 14C Time Scale
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 37 , Issue 2 , 1995 , pp. 417 - 424
Copyright
Copyright © the Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona 

References

Akhmetkereev, S. Kh. and Dergachev, V. A. 1981 Simulation of the influence of some climatic factors on the 14C content in the Earth's atmosphere. Isvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Fizicheskaya 45: 1189–1194 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Alexeev, V. A. 1987 Statistics of meteorite falls. Lunar and Planetary Sciences 18:15–16 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Arabadzhi, M. S. 1988 In the Interior of the Blue Continent. Moscow, Nedra: 142 p.Google Scholar
Atkinson, T. C., Briffa, K. R. and Coope, C. R. 1987 Seasonal temperatures in Britain during the past 22,000 yr, reconstructed using beetle remains. Nature 325: 587–592.Google Scholar
Bard, E., Fairbanks, R., Arnold, M., Maurice, P., Moyes, J. and Duplessy, J.-C. 1989 Sea level estimates during the last deglaciation based on δ18O accelerator mass spectrometry 14C ages measured in Globigerina bulloides. Quaternary Research 31(3): 381–391.Google Scholar
Bard, E., Hamelin, B., Fairbanks, R. G. and Zindler, A. 1990 Calibration of the 14C timescale over the past 30,000 yr using mass-spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals. Nature 345: 405–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, J. R. 1968 Glacial and solar activity since the fifth century BC and the solar cycle. Nature 220: 672–674.Google Scholar
Castagnoli, G. C., Bonino, G., Provenzale, A. and Serio, M. 1991 Climatic change and radiocarbon modulation. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Cosmic Ray Conference. Dublin 3: 709–712.Google Scholar
Chappelar, J., Barnola, J. M., Raynaud, D., Korotkevich, Y. S. and Lorius, C. 1990 Ice-core record of atmospheric methane over the past 160,000 years. Nature 345: 127–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chistyakov, V. F. 1985 The anomalies of solar activity. Solnechnye Dannye 12: 51–57 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Chistyakov, V. F. 1991 Chromosphere and prominences in ancient eclipse data. Solnechnye Dannye 12: 73–78 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Chistyakov, V. F. 1993 The solar cycle with the duration of ca. 2400 years. Solnechnye Dannye 1:81–85 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Damon, P. E., Cheng, S. and Linick, T. W. 1989 Fine and hyperfine structure in the spectrum of secular variations of atmospheric 14C. In Long, A. Kra, R. S. and Srdoč, D., eds., Proceedings of the 13th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 31(3): 704–718.Google Scholar
Damon, P. E., Lerman, J. C. and Long, A. 1979 Temporal fluctuations of atmospheric 14C: Causal factors and implications. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 6: 457–494.Google Scholar
Damon, P. E., Lerman, J. C., Long, A., Bannister, B., Klein, J., and Linick, T. W. 1980 Report on the Workshop on Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R., eds. Proceedings of the 10th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 22(3): 947–949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damon, P. E. and Sonett, C. P. 1992 Solar and terrestrial components of the atmospheric 14C variation spectrum. In Sonett, C. P., Giampapa, M. S. and Matthews, M. S., eds., The Sun in Time. Tucson, The University of Arizona Press: 360–388.Google Scholar
Dergachev, V. A. 1992 On fixation of the extreme states of past solar activity by cosmogenic isotopes. In Vitinsky, Yu. I., Dergachev, V. A., Kuklin, G. V., eds., Spatial-Time Aspects of Solar Activity. St. Petersburg, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute: 171–180 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Dergachev, V. A. and Akhmetkereev, S. Kh. 1990 On the nature of supersecular variations of radiocarbon in the Earth's atmosphere. In Protheroe, R. J., ed., Conference Papers of the 21st International Cosmic Ray Conference. Adelaide, Australia, Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, the University of Adeliade 7: 128–131.Google Scholar
Dergachev, V. A. and Chistyakov, V. F. (ms.) 1992a On solar activity and climate at a border of the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Preprint of Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, No.1586, St. Petersburg: 27 p. (in Russian).Google Scholar
Dergachev, V. A. and Chistyakov, V. F. 1992b On the powerful manifestations of solar activity during the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene. Solnechnye Dannye 2: 73–79 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Dergachev, V. A. and Chistyakov, V. F. 1993 210- and 2400-year solar cycles and climate changes. In Vitinsky, Yu. I., Dergachev, V. A., Kuklin, G. V. eds., Solar Cycle. St. Petersburg, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute: 112–130 (in Russian).Google Scholar
de Vries, H. 1958 Variation in concentration of radiocarbon with time and location on earth. In Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen B 61: 94–102.Google Scholar
Eddy, J. A. 1976 The Maunder minimum. Science 192: 1189–1202.Google Scholar
Goncharov, G. A. (ms.) 1993 Asian nomad invasion and solar cycles. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Relations of Biological and Physicochemical Processes with Solar Activity and other Environmental Factors, Pushchino, Russia, 27 September–1 October.Google Scholar
Guiot, J., Pons, A., de Beaulieu, J. L. and Reille, M. 1989 A 140,000-year continental climate reconstruction from two European pollen records. Nature 338: 309–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hertelendi, E., Sümegi, P. and Szoor, F. 1992 Geochronologic and paleoclimatic characterization of Quaternary sediments in the Great Hungarian Plain. In Long, A. and Kra, R. S., eds., Proceedings of the 14th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 34(3): 833–839.Google Scholar
Houtermans, J. C. (ms.) 1971 Geophysical Interpretation of Bristlecone Pine Radiocarbon Measurements Using a Method of Fourier Analysis of Unequally Spaced Data. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Bern.Google Scholar
Johnsen, S. J., Dansgaard, W. and Clausen, H. B. 1970 Climatic oscillations 1200–2000 ad. Nature 227: 482–483.Google Scholar
Kalinin, G. P., Breslav, E. I. and Klige, R. K. 1975 Some questions of the contemporary ocean level. In Kalinin, G. P. and Klige, R. K., eds., World Ocean Level Fluctuations and Geomorphology Problems. Moscow, Nauka: 5–12 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Klein, J., Lerman, J. C., Damon, P. E. and Linick, T. Radiocarbon concentration in the atmosphere: 8000-year record of variations in tree rings. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., Proceedings of the 10th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 22(3): 950–961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kromer, B. and Becker, B. 1993 German oak and pine 14C calibration, 7200–9439 bc. In Stuiver, M., Long, A. and Kra, R. S., eds., Calibration 1993. Radiocarbon 35(1): 125–135.Google Scholar
Merrill, R. T. and McElhinny, M. W. 1983 The Earth's Magnetic Field: Its History, Origin and Planetary Perspective. London, Academic Press: 401 p.Google Scholar
Neftel, A., Oeschger, H. and Suess, H. E. 1981 Secular non-random variations of cosmogenic carbon-14 in the terrestrial atmosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 56: 127–147.Google Scholar
Pearson, G. W., Pilcher, J. R., Baillie, M. G. L., Corbett, D. M. and Qua, F. 1986 High-precision 14C measurement of Irish oaks to show the natural 14C variations from ad 1840 to 5210 bc. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., eds., Proceedings of the 12th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 28(2B): 911–934.Google Scholar
Pestiaux, A., Berger, A., Duplessy, J. C. 1987 Paleoclimatic variability at frequencies ranging from 1 cycle per 10000 years to 1 cycle per 1000 years: Evidence for nonlinear behaviour of the climate systems. Climate Change 12(1): 9–37.Google Scholar
Ribes, E., Merlin, Ph., Ribes, J.-C. and Barthalot, R. 1990 Absolute periodicities in the solar diameter derived from historical and modern data. Annales Geophysicae 7: 321–330.Google Scholar
Schove, D. J. 1955 The sunspot cycle, 649 bc to ad 2000. Journal of Geophysical Research 60: 127–145.Google Scholar
Schove, D. J. 1981 Sunspot Cycles. Dowen, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc.: 397 p.Google Scholar
Sonett, C. P. and Finney, S. A. 1990 The spectrum of radiocarbon. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A330: 413–426.Google Scholar
Sonett, C. P. and Suess, H. E. 1984 Correlation of bristlecone pine ring widths with atmospheric 14C variations: A climate-Sun relation. Nature 307(5947): 141–143.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. and Becker, B. 1986 High-precision decadal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, ad 1950–2500 bc. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., eds., Proceedings of the 12th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 28(2B): 863–910.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. and Becker, B. 1993 High-precision decadal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, ad 1950–6000 bc. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., eds., Calibration 1993. Radiocarbon 35(1): 35–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M. and Braziunas, T. F. 1993 Modeling atmospheric 14C influences and 14C ages of marine samples to 10,000 bc. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., eds., Calibration 1993. Radiocarbon 35(1): 137–189.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., eds., Proceedings of the 12th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 28(2B): 805–1030.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M., Pearson, G. W. and Braziunas, T. F. 1986 Radiocarbon age calibration of marine samples back to 9000 cal yr bp. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., eds., Proceedings of the 12th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 28(2B): 980–1021.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M., and Reimer, P. J. 1993 Extended 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., eds., Calibration 1993. Radiocarbon 35(1): 215–230.Google Scholar
Suess, H. E. 1965 Secular variations of cosmic ray produced carbon-14 in the atmosphere and their interpretations. Journal of Geophysical Research 70: 5937–5952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suess, H. E. 1978 La Jolla measurements of radiocarbon in tree-ring dated wood. Radiocarbon 20 (1): 1–18.Google Scholar
Suess, H. E. 1980 The radiocarbon record in tree rings of the last 8000 years. In Stuiver, M. and Kra, R. S., eds., Proceedings of the 10th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 22(2): 200–209.Google Scholar
Tarling, D. H. 1988 Secular variations of the geomagnetic field – archaeomagnetic record. In Stephenson, F. R. and Wolfendale, A. W., eds., Secular Solar and Geomagnetic Variations in the last 10,000 Years. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 349–366.Google Scholar
Willis, E. H., Tauber, H. and Münnich, K. O. 1960 Variations in the atmospheric radiocarbon concentration over the past 1300 years. American Journal of Science Radiocarbon Supplement 2: 1–4.Google Scholar
Xu, Z. 1990 Solar observations in ancient China and solar variability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A330: 513–515.Google Scholar
Zhou, W., An, Z., Lin, B., Xiao, J., Zhang, J., Xie, J., Zhou, M., Porter, S. C., Head, M. J. and Donahue, D. J. 1992 Chronology of the Baxie loess profile and the history of monsoon climates in China between 17,000 and 6000 years bp. In Long, A. and Kra, R. S., eds., Proceedings of the 14th International 14C Conference. Radiocarbon 34(3): 818–825.Google Scholar