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ASSESSING THE 14C MARINE RESERVOIR EFFECT IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS: DATA FROM THE CABEÇUDA SHELL MOUND IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2022

Eduardo Q Alves Open the ORCID record for Eduardo Q Alves [Opens in a new window] ,
Kita D Macario Open the ORCID record for Kita D Macario [Opens in a new window] ,
Rita Scheel-Ybert Open the ORCID record for Rita Scheel-Ybert [Opens in a new window] ,
Fabiana M Oliveira Open the ORCID record for Fabiana M Oliveira [Opens in a new window] ,
André Carlo Colonese ,
Paulo César Fonseca Giannini ,
Renato Guimarães ,
Stewart Fallon ,
Marcelo Muniz  and
David Chivall
...Show all authors
Eduardo Q Alves*
Affiliation:
Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK Laboratório de Radiocarbono, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, Niterói, 24210-346, RJ, Brazil Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, 24001-970, RJ, Brazil
Kita D Macario
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Radiocarbono, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, Niterói, 24210-346, RJ, Brazil
Rita Scheel-Ybert
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Arqueobotânica e Paisagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arqueologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040, RJ, Brazil
Fabiana M Oliveira
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Radiocarbono, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, Niterói, 24210-346, RJ, Brazil
André Carlo Colonese
Affiliation:
Department of Prehistory and Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
Paulo César Fonseca Giannini
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Lago, 562, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
Renato Guimarães
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Difração de Raio-X, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, Niterói, 24210-346, RJ, Brazil
Stewart Fallon
Affiliation:
Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Marcelo Muniz
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Radioecologia e Alterações Ambientais, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, 24210-346 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
David Chivall
Affiliation:
Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
Christopher Bronk Ramsey
Affiliation:
Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: eduardoa@id.uff.br
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Abstract

Prehistoric shell mounds can be useful for the quantification of the radiocarbon marine reservoir effect (MRE) and, at the same time, knowledge about the MRE allows for the establishment of robust chronologies for these sites. This creates a loop in which the archaeological setting has a dual role: it is part of both the method and the application. Therefore, it is paramount to address these sites from both archaeological and environmental perspectives, investigating their origin and diagenesis in order to overcome biases caused by post-depositional alterations. In this study, samples of bone, charcoal and shell from a Late Holocene shell mound in Southern Brazil, the Sambaqui de Cabeçuda, were analyzed following a multidisciplinary approach to disentangle the complex relationships between archaeology and the environment. We performed X-ray diffraction, radiocarbon dating, stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O, δ15N) and anthracology analyses as well as Bayesian Chronological Models and Isotope Mixing Models to assess the local MRE and to reconstruct the diet of Cabeçuda builders. Our results reveal a negative local correction for the MRE (ΔR = –263 ± 46 14C yr), expected for the lagoon next to the site, and diets with considerable intakes of marine proteins. We examine the implications of these results for the chronology of the site and discuss a series of complications when performing MRE studies using shell mound sites.

Keywords

archaeological shell moundcoastal Brazilradiocarbon datingshell and bone stable isotopessouthwestern Atlantic Ocean
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 65 , Issue 1 , February 2023 , pp. 1 - 27
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona

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