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Geochronology, paleogeography, and archaeology of the Acheulian locality of ‘Evron Landfill in the western Galilee, Israel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Maayan Shemer ,
Onn Crouvi ,
Ron Shaar ,
Yael Ebert ,
Ari Matmon ,
Liora Kolska Horwitz ,
Véra Eisenmann ,
Yehouda Enzel ,
Omry Barzilai  and
ASTER Team
Maayan Shemer*
Affiliation:
Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquity Authority, P.O. Box 586, Jerusalem, Israel
Onn Crouvi
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 9550, Israel
Ron Shaar
Affiliation:
The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Yael Ebert
Affiliation:
The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Ari Matmon
Affiliation:
The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Liora Kolska Horwitz
Affiliation:
National Natural History Collections, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Véra Eisenmann
Affiliation:
Unité mixte de recherche 5143 du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CP 38, Département Histoire de la Terre, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
Yehouda Enzel
Affiliation:
The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Omry Barzilai
Affiliation:
Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquity Authority, P.O. Box 586, Jerusalem, Israel
ASTER Team
Affiliation:
Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquity Authority, P.O. Box 586, Jerusalem, Israel Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 9550, Israel The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel ASTER Team: M. Arnold, G. Aumaître, D. Bourlès, K. KeddadoucheCentre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Géosciences de l’Environnement, Unité mixte de recherche 6635 Centre national de la recherche scientifique-Aix-Marseille University, BP 80, 13 545 Aix en Provence Cedex 4, France National Natural History Collections, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Unité mixte de recherche 5143 du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CP 38, Département Histoire de la Terre, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
*
*Corresponding author at: Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquity Authority, POB 586, Jerusalem, Israel. E-mail address: Shemerma@hotmail.com (M. Shemer).
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Abstract

A multidisciplinary study was conducted in a newly discovered Paleolithic locality, named ‘Evron Landfill. This locality is a part of the Lower Paleolithic complex of ‘Evron located at the western Galilee, Israel. Examination of artifacts has enabled the cultural attribution of ‘Evron Landfill to the Early Acheulian, while detailed paleomagnetic stratigraphy places the hominin occupations near the Brunhes–Matuyama transition ~0.77 Ma. This age is constrained by cosmogenic isotope burial dating of the sediments overlying the Paleolithic finds, providing a minimum age of ~0.66±0.11 Ma for hominin activity at the site. These results are further supported by the biochronological information derived from the faunal assemblage. Comparative analyses of faunal remains and lithic artifacts from ‘Evron Landfill demonstrate similarities to the assemblages from the Early Acheulian site of Evron Quarry, located ~300 m to the south. Pedo-sedimentological analyses indicate that hominin activity took place in a marsh environment in proximity to the Mediterranean coast, which probably fluctuated in both space and time with a fluvial environment. In addition, this study provides important data about ancient coastal activity during the early to middle Pleistocene.

Keywords

Lower Paleolithic‘EvronAcheulianAncient coastWestern GalileeSoil stratigraphyPaleomagnetic stratigraphyCosmogenic isotope burial age
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 91 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 729 - 750
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2018 

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