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Climatic and hydrologic variability during the past millennium in the eastern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains of western Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Thomas W.D. Edwards ,
S. Jean Birks ,
Brian H. Luckman  and
Glen M. MacDonald
Thomas W.D. Edwards*
Affiliation:
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada ON N2L 3G1
S. Jean Birks
Affiliation:
Alberta Research Council, 3608 - 33 Street NW, Calgary, Canada AB T2L 2A6
Brian H. Luckman
Affiliation:
Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada ON N6A 5C2
Glen M. MacDonald
Affiliation:
Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1524, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Fax: +1 519 746 7484. E-mail address:twdedwar@uwaterloo.ca (T.W.D. Edwards).
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Abstract

Modelling of tree-ring δ13C and δ18O data from the Columbia Icefield area in the eastern Rocky Mountains of western Canada provides fuller understanding of climatic and hydrologic variability over the past 1000 yr in this region, based on reconstruction of changes in growth season atmospheric relative humidity (RHgrs), winter temperature (Twin) and the precipitation δ18O–Twin relation. The Little Ice Age (~ AD 1530s–1890s) is marked by low RHgrs and Twin and a δ18O–Twin relation offset from that of the present, reflecting enhanced meridional circulation and persistent influence of Arctic air masses. Independent proxy hydrologic evidence suggests that snowmelt sustained relatively abundant streamflow at this time in rivers draining the eastern Rockies. In contrast, the early millennium was marked by higher RHgrs and Twin and a δ18O–Twin relation like that of the 20th century, consistent with pervasive influence of Pacific air masses because of strong zonal circulation. Especially mild conditions prevailed during the “Medieval Climate Anomaly” ~ AD 1100–1250, corresponding with evidence for reduced discharge in rivers draining the eastern Rockies and extensive hydrological drought in neighbouring western USA.

Keywords

Carbon isotopesOxygen isotopesDendroclimatologyHydrological drought
Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , September 2008 , pp. 188 - 197
Copyright
University of Washington

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