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Reconstructing postglacial hydrologic and environmental change in the eastern Kenai Peninsula lowlands using proxy data and mass balance modeling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2022

Ellie Broadman Open the ORCID record for Ellie Broadman [Opens in a new window] ,
Darrell S. Kaufman ,
R. Scott Anderson ,
Sonya Bogle ,
Matthew Ford ,
David Fortin ,
Andrew C. G. Henderson ,
Jack H. Lacey ,
Melanie J. Leng  and
Nicholas P. McKay
...Show all authors
Ellie Broadman*
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
Darrell S. Kaufman
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
R. Scott Anderson
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
Sonya Bogle
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
Matthew Ford
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
David Fortin
Affiliation:
Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Andrew C. G. Henderson
Affiliation:
School of Geography, Politics & Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Jack H. Lacey
Affiliation:
National Environmental Isotope Facility, Isotope Geosciences Facility, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK
Melanie J. Leng
Affiliation:
National Environmental Isotope Facility, Isotope Geosciences Facility, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Nicholas P. McKay
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
Samuel E. Muñoz
Affiliation:
Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
*
*Corresponding author email address: ebroadman@arizona.edu
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Abstract

Despite extensive paleoenvironmental research on the postglacial history of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, uncertainties remain regarding the region's deglaciation, vegetation development, and past hydroclimate. To elucidate this complex environmental history, we present new proxy datasets from Hidden and Kelly lakes, located in the eastern Kenai lowlands at the foot of the Kenai Mountains, including sedimentological properties (magnetic susceptibility, organic matter, grain size, and biogenic silica), pollen and macrofossils, diatom assemblages, and diatom oxygen isotopes. We use a simple hydrologic and isotope mass balance model to constrain interpretations of the diatom oxygen isotope data. Results reveal that glacier ice retreated from Hidden Lake's headwaters by ca. 13.1 cal ka BP, and that groundwater was an important component of Kelly Lake's hydrologic budget in the Early Holocene. As the forest developed and the climate became wetter in the Middle to Late Holocene, Kelly Lake reached or exceeded its modern level. In the last ca. 75 years, rising temperature caused rapid changes in biogenic silica content and diatom oxygen isotope values. Our findings demonstrate the utility of mass balance modeling to constrain interpretations of paleolimnologic oxygen isotope data, and that groundwater can exert a strong influence on lake water isotopes, potentially confounding interpretations of regional climate.

Keywords

HoloceneAlaskaKenai Peninsulalake sedimentdiatom oxygen isotopesgroundwaterglacial meltwatermass balance modelingpollenmulti-proxy
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 107 , May 2022 , pp. 1 - 26
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2022

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