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Deep learning for morphological identification of extended radio galaxies using weak labels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2023

Nikhel Gupta*
Affiliation:
CSIRO Space & Astronomy, Bentley, WA, Australia
Zeeshan Hayder
Affiliation:
CSIRO Data61, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
Ray P. Norris
Affiliation:
Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia CSIRO Space & Astronomy, Epping, NSW, Australia
Minh Huynh
Affiliation:
CSIRO Space & Astronomy, Bentley, WA, Australia International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), M468, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
Lars Petersson
Affiliation:
CSIRO Data61, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
X. Rosalind Wang
Affiliation:
Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
Heinz Andernach
Affiliation:
Thüringer Landessternwarte, Tautenburg, Germany
Bärbel S. Koribalski
Affiliation:
Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia CSIRO Space & Astronomy, Epping, NSW, Australia
Miranda Yew
Affiliation:
Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
Evan J. Crawford
Affiliation:
Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
*
Corresponding author: Nikhel Gupta, Email: Nikhel.Gupta@csiro.au

Abstract

The present work discusses the use of a weakly-supervised deep learning algorithm that reduces the cost of labelling pixel-level masks for complex radio galaxies with multiple components. The algorithm is trained on weak class-level labels of radio galaxies to get class activation maps (CAMs). The CAMs are further refined using an inter-pixel relations network (IRNet) to get instance segmentation masks over radio galaxies and the positions of their infrared hosts. We use data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope, specifically the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) Pilot Survey, which covered a sky area of 270 square degrees with an RMS sensitivity of 25–35 $\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$. We demonstrate that weakly-supervised deep learning algorithms can achieve high accuracy in predicting pixel-level information, including masks for the extended radio emission encapsulating all galaxy components and the positions of the infrared host galaxies. We evaluate the performance of our method using mean Average Precision (mAP) across multiple classes at a standard intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.5. We show that the model achieves a mAP$_{50}$ of 67.5% and 76.8% for radio masks and infrared host positions, respectively. The network architecture can be found at the following link: https://github.com/Nikhel1/Gal-CAM

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia

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Footnotes

Permanent address: Depto. de Astronomía, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, CP, Mexico

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