Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-rvbq7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T17:00:31.192Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cosmic Ray Transient Variations Observed from the Earth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2016

M. L. Duldig
M. L. Duldig*
Affiliation:
Australian Antarctic Division, c/o Physics Department, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tas. 7001
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cosmic ray transient variations are signatures of the underlying solar processes which affect the heliomagnetic structure. They can be found in the data from surface systems, such as neutron monitors and muon telescopes, and from shallow underground muon telescopes. Although sometimes observable at all latitudes, the global distribution of the effects is important in determining the structures and causes. Three transient variation types are known, namely Forbush decreases, ground level enhancements, and quasi-periodic fluctuations. The latter category includes some variations which are, perhaps, too long-lived to be considered truly transient. In this review, the detection techniques and background of cosmic ray research are followed by a summary of some observations in each transient category. The heliomagnetic structures and dynamics inferred from such transients are discussed together with the possible impact such events can have on human activity.

Type
Invited
Information
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , August 1994 , pp. 110 - 125
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of Australia 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alania, M. V., Aslamazashvili, R. G. and Djapiashvili, T. V., 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Paris, Vol. 4, p. 64.Google Scholar
Alfvén, H., 1954, Tellus, 6, 232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, C. P., 1993, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tasmania.Google Scholar
Baker, C. P., Hall, D. L., Humble, J. E. and Duldig, M. L., 1993, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary, Vol. 3, p. 753.Google Scholar
Barnden, L. R., 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Denver, Vol. 2, p. 1277.Google Scholar
Bieber, J. W., Evenson, P. and Lin, Z., 1992, Antarctic Journal, Review Issue 1992.Google Scholar
Burlaga, L. F., 1983, Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Bangalore, Vol. 12, p. 21.Google Scholar
Cane, H. V., Reames, D. V. and von Rosenvinge, T. T., 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9555.Google Scholar
Clay, R. W. and Dawson, B. R., 1993, Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust. 10, 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocconi, G., Gold, T., Greisen, K., Hayakawa, S. and Morrison, J. P., 1958, Nuovo Cimento, 8, 161.Google Scholar
Cramp, J. L., Duldig, M. L. and Humble, J. E., 1993a, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary, Vol. 3, p. 47.Google Scholar
Cramp, J. L., Duldig, M. L. and Humble, J. E., 1993b, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary, Vol. 3, p. 51.Google Scholar
Debrunner, H., Flückiger, E. O. and Lockwood, J. A., 1982, Eighth European Cosmic Ray Symp., Rome (unpublished paper).Google Scholar
Duldig, M. L., 1987, Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Moscow, Vol. 4, p. 75.Google Scholar
Duldig, M. L., 1990, Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Adelaide, Vol. 2, p. 288.Google Scholar
Duldig, M. L. and Humble, J. E., 1990, Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust., 8, 268.Google Scholar
Duldig, M. L., Jacklyn, R. M. and Pomerantz, M. A., 1985a, Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust., 6, 48.Google Scholar
Duldig, M. L., Jacklyn, R. M., and Pomerantz, M. A., 1985b, Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., La Jolla, Vol. 5, p. 5.Google Scholar
Duldig, M. L., Baker, C. P. and Humble, J. E., 1990, Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Adelaide, Vol. 6, p. 291.Google Scholar
Duldig, M. L., Cramp, J. L., Humble, J. E., Smart, D. F., Shea, M. A., Bieber, J. W., Evenson, P., Fenton, K. B., Fenton, A. G. and Bendoricchio, M. B. M., 1993, Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust., 10, 211.Google Scholar
Flückiger, E. O., 1991, Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Dublin, Vol. 5, p. 273.Google Scholar
Flückiger, E. O. and Kobei, E., 1990, J. Geomag. Geoelect., 42, 1123.Google Scholar
Hatton, C. J., 1971, Prog. Elementary Part. Cosmic Ray Phys., 20, 1.Google Scholar
Humble, J. E., Duldig, M. L., Smart, D. F. and Shea, M. A., 1991, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 737.Google Scholar
Hundhausen, A. J., 1987, Proc. 6th Int. Solar Wind Conf., Vol. 1, p. 181.Google Scholar
Iucci, N., Parisi, M., Storini, M. and Villoresi, G., 1981, Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Paris, Vol. 10, p. 238.Google Scholar
Iucci, N., Parisi, M., Storini, M. and Villoresi, G., 1983, Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Bangalore, Vol. 3, p. 354.Google Scholar
Jacklyn, R. M. and Duldig, M. L., 1987, Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Moscow, Vol. 4, p. 380.Google Scholar
Jacklyn, R. M. and Humble, J. E., 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Paris, Vol. 4, p. 134.Google Scholar
Jacklyn, R. M., Duldig, M. L. and Pomerantz, M. A., 1984a, Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust., 5, 581.Google Scholar
Jacklyn, R. M., Duldig, M. L. and Pomerantz, M. A., 1984b, Proc. Int. Symp. on Cosmic Ray Modulation in the Heliosphere, Morioka, p. 76.Google Scholar
Jacklyn, R. M., Duldig, M. L. and Pomerantz, M. A., 1987, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8511.Google Scholar
Kobel, E., 1989, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Bern.Google Scholar
Lockwood, J. A., 1971, Space Sci. Rev., 12, 658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyons, P. R. A., 1981, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tasmania.Google Scholar
Mori, S., Yasue, S., Ichinose, M. and Manakata, Y., 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Munich, Vol. 4, p. 1463.Google Scholar
Mori, S., Yasue, S., Munakata, K., Chino, K., Furuhata, M., Shiozaki, Y., Yokota, Y., Akahane, S., Fujii, Z., Mori-shita, I., Humble, J. E., Fenton, A. G., Fenton, K. B. and Duldig, M. L., 1991, Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Dublin, Vol. 2, p. 720.Google Scholar
Morrison, P., 1956, Phys. Rev., 101, 1397.Google Scholar
Murayama, T., 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Paris, Vol. 4, p. 155.Google Scholar
Nagashima, K., Sakakibara, S. and Morishita, I., 1991, J. Geomag. Geoelect., 43, 685.Google Scholar
Nagashima, K., Sakakibara, S., Fujimoto, K., Fujii, Z. and Ueno, H., 1993a, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary, Vol. 3, p. 711.Google Scholar
Nagashima, K., Fujimoto, K. and Morishita, I., 1993b, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary, Vol. 3, p. 723.Google Scholar
Nagashima, K., Sakakibara, S. and Fujimoto, K., 1993c, J. Geomag. Geoelect., 45, 535.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N., 1961, Astrophys. J., 133, 1014.Google Scholar
Piddington, R. H., 1958, Phys. Rev., 112, 589.Google Scholar
Protheroe, R. J., 1994, Astrophys. J. (Supp.), 90, 883.Google Scholar
Rao, U. R., 1972, Space Sci. Rev., 12, 719.Google Scholar
Sakakibara, S., Fujii, Z., Fujimoto, K., Ueno, H., Mori, S., Yasue, S., Munakata, K., Humble, J. E., Fenton, A. G., Fenton, K. B. and Duldig, M. L., 1993, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary, Vol. 3, p. 715.Google Scholar
Shea, M. A. and Smart, D. F., 1982, Space Sci. Rev., 32, 251.Google Scholar
Shea, M. A. and Smart, D. F., 1990, Solar Phys., 127, 297.Google Scholar
Shea, M. A. and Smart, D. F., 1993, In Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation, Part B, Swenberg, C. E. et al. (eds), Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Shea, M. A., Smart, D. F. and Pyle, K. R., 1991a, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1655.Google Scholar
Shea, M. A., Smart, D. F., Wilson, M. D. and Flückiger, E. O., 1991b, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 829.Google Scholar
Swenberg, C. E., Horneck, G. and Stassinopoulos, E. G. (eds), 1993, Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation, Parts A and B., Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Swinson, D. B., 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Paris, Vol. 4, 138.Google Scholar
Swinson, D. B. and Shea, M. A., 1990, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1073.Google Scholar
Swinson, D. B., Yasue, S. and Fujii, Z., 1993, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary, Vol. 3, p. 671.Google Scholar
Venkatesan, D. and Badruddin, 1990, Space Sci. Rev., 52, 121.Google Scholar