Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-04T04:10:25.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

T. Kidger ,
T. R. E. Barnes ,
T. Trauer  and
P. J. Taylor
T. Kidger*
Affiliation:
Academic Unit for Clinical Psychopharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London
T. R. E. Barnes
Affiliation:
Academic Unit for Clinical Psychopharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London
T. Trauer
Affiliation:
Academic Unit for Clinical Psychopharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London
P. J. Taylor
Affiliation:
Academic Unit for Clinical Psychopharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr T. Kidger, St Andrew's Hospital, Northampton NNI 5DG.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

A reliable method for recording the site and duration of purposeless movements was devised. With this method 267 subjects were studied, 182 of whom had been exposed to neuroleptics. The results were submitted to a principal components analysis and 3 movement dimensions emerged. One group of movements resembled a parkinsonian syndrome. The other 2 groups of movements both conformed to the generally accepted criteria for tardive dyskinesia. These groups were: (1) head and neck movements and (2) trunk and limb movements. The possibility of the second and third groups representing clinically relevant sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia is discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , August 1980 , pp. 513 - 520
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ayd, F. J. Jr (1960). Neuroleptics and extrapyramidal reactions in psychiatric patients. In Système extra-pyramidal et neuroleptiques, pp. 335–364. Editions Psychiatriques: Montreal.Google Scholar
Barnes, T. R. E. & Kidger, T. (1979). Tardive dyskinesia and problems of assessment. In Current Themes in Psychiatry Vol. 2 (ed. Gaind, R. and Hudson, B. L.), pp. 145–162. Macmillan: London.Google Scholar
Casey, D. E. & Denney, D. (1977). Pharmacological characterisation of tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology 54, 1–8.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D. V. (1976). Assessing inter-rater reliability for rating scales: resolving some basic issues. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 452–456.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1968). Weighted Kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychological Bulletin 70, 213–220.Google Scholar
Crane, G. E. (1973). Persistent dyskinesia. British Journal of Psychiatry 122, 395–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crane, G. E., Naranjo, E. R. & Chase, C. (1971). Motor disorders induced by neuroleptics – A proposed new classification. Archives of General Psychiatry 24 179–184.Google Scholar
Delay, J. & Deniker, P. (1968). Drug induced extrapyramidal syndromes. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology Vol. 6, Diseases of The Basal Ganglia (ed. Vinken, P. J. and Bruyn, G. W.), pp. 248–266. North-Holland: Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Evans, J. H. (1965). Persistent oral dyskinesia in treatment with phenothiazine derivatives. Lancet i, 458–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garside, R. F. & Roth, M. (1978). Multivariate statistical methods and problems of classification in psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry 133, 53–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hershon, H. I., Kennedy, P. F. & McGuire, R. J. (1972). Persistence of extrapyramidal disorders and psychiatric relapse after withdrawal of long term phenothiazine therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry 120, 41–50.Google Scholar
Jus, A., Pineau, R., Lachance, R., Pelchat, G., Jus, K., Pires, P. & Villeneuve, R. (1976). Epidemiology of tardive dyskinesia. Part 1. Diseases of the Nervous System 37, 210–214.Google ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, P. F., Hershon, H. I. & McGuire, R. J. (1971). Extrapyramidal disorders after prolonged phenothiazine therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry 118, 509–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klawans, H. L. Jr (1973). The pharmacology of tardive dyskinesias. American Journal of Psychiatry 130, 82–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGeer, P. L., McGeer, E. G. & Suzuki, J. S. (1977). Aging and extrapyramidal function. Archives of Neurology 34, 33–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marsden, C. D., Tarsy, D. & Baldessarini, R. J. (1975). Spontaneous and drug induced movement disorders in psychotic patients. In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease (ed. Benson, D. F. and Blumer, D.), pp. 219–266. Grune & Stratton: New York.Google Scholar
Schonell, F. J. (1942). Test R2. (Simple Prose Reading Test). In Backwardness in the Basic Subjects. Oliver & Boyd: Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. M. (1977). Neurotoxicity of major tranquillizers. In Neurotoxicology (ed. Roizin, L., Shiraki, H. and Grčević, N.), pp. 1–7. Raven Press: New York.Google Scholar
Smith, R. C., Leelavathi, D. E. & Lauritzen, A. M. (1978). Behavioural effects of dopamine agonists increase with age. Communications in Psychopharmacology 2, 39–43.Google Scholar
Uhrbrand, L. & Faurbye, A. (1960). Reversible and irreverssible dyskinesia after treatment with perphenazine, chlorpromazine, reserpine and E.C.T. Psychopharmacologia 1,408–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar