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Sex differences across developmental domains among children with a familial risk of severe mental disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 February 2022

Birgitte Klee Burton Open the ORCID record for Birgitte Klee Burton [Opens in a new window] ,
Klaus Kaae Andersen ,
Aja N. Greve ,
Nicoline Hemager ,
Katrine S. Spang ,
Ditte Ellersgaard ,
Camilla J. Christiani ,
Ditte Gantriis ,
Maja Gregersen  and
Anne Søndergaard
...Show all authors
Birgitte Klee Burton*
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
Klaus Kaae Andersen
Affiliation:
Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Aja N. Greve
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
Nicoline Hemager
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Katrine S. Spang
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
Ditte Ellersgaard
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Camilla J. Christiani
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
Ditte Gantriis
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
Maja Gregersen
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Anne Søndergaard
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Jens Richardt M. Jepsen
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Hospital Centre Glostrup, Ndr. Ringvej 29-67, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
Ole Mors
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
Kerstin Jessica Plessen
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Avenue d'Echallens 9, CH-1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
Merete Nordentoft
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Anne A. E. Thorup
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
*
Author for correspondence: Birgitte Klee Burton, E-mail: Birgitte.Klee.Burton@regionh.dk
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Abstract

Background

Sex differences in brain structure and neurodevelopment occur in non-clinical populations. We investigated whether sex had a similar effect on developmental domains amongst boys and girls with a familial risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP), and controls.

Methods

Through Danish registries, we identified 522 7-year-old children (242 girls) with FHR-SZ, FHR-BP, and controls. We assessed their performance within the domains of neurocognition, motor function, language, social cognition, social behavior, psychopathology, and home environment.

Results

FHR-SZ boys compared with FHR-SZ girls had a higher proportion of disruptive behavior and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and exhibited lower performance in manual dexterity, balance, and emotion recognition. No sex differences were found between boys and girls within FHR-BP group. Compared with controls, both FHR-SZ boys and FHR-SZ girls showed impaired processing speed and working memory, had lower levels of global functioning, and were more likely to live in an inadequate home environment. Compared with control boys, FHR-SZ boys showed impaired manual dexterity, social behavior, and social responsiveness, and had a higher proportion of ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder diagnoses. Stress and adjustment disorders were more common in FHR-BP boys compared with control boys. We found no differences between FHR-BP girls and control girls.

Conclusions

Impairment within neurodevelopmental domains associated within FHR-SZ boys v. FHR-SZ girls was most evident among boys, whereas no sex differences were found within the FHR-BP group (FHR-BP boys v. FHR-BP girls). FHR-SZ boys exhibited the highest proportion of early developmental impairments.

Keywords

Bipolar disordermotorneurocognitionpsychopathologyschizophreniasex
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 8 , June 2023 , pp. 3628 - 3643
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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