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Mindfulness training and exercise differentially impact fear extinction neurocircuitry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2023

Shaked E. Leibovitz Open the ORCID record for Shaked E. Leibovitz [Opens in a new window] ,
Gunes Sevinc ,
Jonathan Greenberg ,
Britta Hölzel ,
Tim Gard ,
Thomas Calahan ,
Mark Vangel ,
Scott P. Orr ,
Mohammed R. Milad  and
Sara W. Lazar Open the ORCID record for Sara W. Lazar [Opens in a new window]
Shaked E. Leibovitz
Affiliation:
College of Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Gunes Sevinc
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Jonathan Greenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Britta Hölzel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
Tim Gard
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Thomas Calahan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Mark Vangel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Scott P. Orr
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Mohammed R. Milad
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Department, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
Sara W. Lazar*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
*
Corresponding author: Sara W. Lazar; Email: slazar@mgh.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Background

The ability to extinguish a maladaptive conditioned fear response is crucial for healthy emotional processing and resiliency to aversive experiences. Therefore, enhancing fear extinction learning has immense potential emotional and health benefits. Mindfulness training enhances both fear conditioning and recall of extinguished fear; however, its effects on fear extinction learning are unknown. Here we investigated the impact of mindfulness training on brain mechanisms associated with fear-extinction learning, compared to an exercise-based program.

Methods

We investigated BOLD activations in response to a previously learned fear-inducing cue during an extinction paradigm, before and after an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR, n = 49) or exercise-based stress management education program (n = 27).

Results

The groups exhibited similar reductions in stress, but the MBSR group was uniquely associated with enhanced activation of salience network nodes and increased hippocampal engagement.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that mindfulness training increases attention to anticipatory aversive stimuli, which in turn facilitates decreased aversive subjective responses and enhanced reappraisal of the memory.

Keywords

fear-extinctionhippocampusmindfulnesssalience networkthalamus
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 54 , Issue 4 , March 2024 , pp. 835 - 846
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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