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Introducing the White Noise task in childhood: associations between speech illusions and psychosis vulnerability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2016

M. K. Rimvall ,
L. Clemmensen ,
A. Munkholm ,
C. U. Rask ,
J. T. Larsen ,
A. M. Skovgaard ,
C. J. P. Simons ,
J. van Os  and
P. Jeppesen
M. K. Rimvall*
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
L. Clemmensen
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
A. Munkholm
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
C. U. Rask
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Centre Risskov, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
J. T. Larsen
Affiliation:
The National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
A. M. Skovgaard
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
C. J. P. Simons
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven and De Kempen, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
J. van Os
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
P. Jeppesen
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr M. K. Rimvall, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark and Department Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 69, Kirsebærhuset, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark. (Email: martin.kristian.rimvall@regionh.dk)
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Abstract

Background

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are common during development and may arise due to dysregulation in top-down processing of sensory input. This study was designed to examine the frequency and correlates of speech illusions measured using the White Noise (WN) task in children from the general population. Associations between speech illusions and putative risk factors for psychotic disorder and negative affect were examined.

Method

A total of 1486 children aged 11–12 years of the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 were examined with the WN task. Psychotic experiences and negative affect were determined using the Kiddie-SADS-PL. Register data described family history of mental disorders. Exaggerated Theory of Mind functioning (hyper-ToM) was measured by the ToM Storybook Frederik.

Results

A total of 145 (10%) children experienced speech illusions (hearing speech in the absence of speech stimuli), of which 102 (70%) experienced illusions perceived by the child as positive or negative (affectively salient). Experiencing hallucinations during the last month was associated with affectively salient speech illusions in the WN task [general cognitive ability: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–3.93]. Negative affect, both last month and lifetime, was also associated with affectively salient speech illusions (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05–3.83 and aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.11–2.89, respectively). Speech illusions were not associated with delusions, hyper-ToM or family history of mental disorders.

Conclusions

Speech illusions were elicited in typically developing children in a WN-test paradigm, and point to an affective pathway to AVH mediated by dysregulation in top-down processing of sensory input.

Keywords

Experimental designpreadolescencepsychosispsychotic experiences
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 13 , October 2016 , pp. 2731 - 2740
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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