Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T17:06:50.471Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Inhibition of entry of some amino acids into the brain, with observations on mental retardation in the aminoacidurias

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Guadalupe Baños ,
P. M. Daniel ,
S. R. Moorhouse  and
O. E. Pratt
Guadalupe Baños
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London
P. M. Daniel
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London
S. R. Moorhouse
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London
O. E. Pratt
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Sysnopsis

Abnormally high levels of various amino acids were maintained in the bloodstream of rats, causing saturation of amino acid transport into the brain and partial exclusion from the brain of other amino acids which are necessary for protein synthesis. Excluded amino acids could be made to enter the brain by raising their concentration in the bloodstream. The possible relevance of these findings to improvements in the dietary treatment of some inborn errors of metabolism is discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 4 , Issue 3 , August 1974 , pp. 262 - 269
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Atkin, G. E., and Ferdinand, W. (1970). Accelerated amino acid analysis: studies on the use of lithium citrate buffers and the effect of n−propanol, in the analysis of physiological fluids and protein hydrolyzates. Analytical Biochemistry, 38, 313–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baños, G., Daniel, P. M., Moorhouse, S. R., and Pratt, O. E. (1971). The entry of amino acids into the brain of the rat during the post-natal period. Journal of Physiology, 213, 45–146P.Google Scholar
Baños, G., Daniel, P. M., Moorhouse, S. R., and Pratt, O. E. (1973a). The influx of amino acids into the brain of the rat in vivo: the essential compared with some non-essential amino acids. Proceedings of the Royal Society (Series B), 183, 59–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Baños, G., Daniel, P. M., Moorhouse, S. R., and Pratt, O. E. (1973b). The movement of amino acids between blood and skeletal muscle in the rat. Journal of Physiology, 235, 459–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baños, G., Daniel, P. M., Moorhouse, S. R., Pratt, O. E., and Wilson, P. (1974a). Inhibition of neutral amino acid entry into the brain of the rat in vivo. Journal of Physiology, 237, 22–23P.Google ScholarPubMed
Baños, G., Daniel, P. M., and Pratt, O. E. (1971). Inhibition of entry of L-arginine into the brain of the rat, in vivo, by L-Iysine or L-ornithine. Journal of Physiology, 214, 24–25P.Google ScholarPubMed
Baños, G., Daniel, P. M., and Pratt, O. E. (1974b). Saturation of a shared mechanism which transports L-arginine and L-lysine into the brain of the living rat. Journal of Physiology, 236, 29–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bessman, S. P. (1972). Genetic failure of fetal amino acid “justification”: a common basis for many forms of metabolic, nutritional, and “nonspecific” mental retardation. Journal of Pediatrics, 81, 834–842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S. R., and Lajtha, A. (1972). Amino acid transport. In Handbook of Neurochemistry, Vol. 7, pp. 543–572. Edited by Lajtha, A.. Plenum Press: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crome, L., and Stern, J. (1972). Pathology of Mental Retardation, 2nd edn.Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh.Google ScholarPubMed
Daniel, P. M., Donaldson, J., and Pratt, O. E. (1974a). The rapid achievement and maintenance of a steady level of an injected substance in the blood plasma. Journal of Physiology, 237, 8–9P.Google ScholarPubMed
Daniel, P. M., Donaldson, J., and Pratt, O. E. (1974b). A method for injecting substances into the circulation to reach rapidly and to maintain a steady level. Medical and Biological Engineering. (In press.)Google Scholar
Daniel, P. M., Love, E. R., Moorhouse, S. R., Pratt, O. E., and Wilson, P. (1974c). A method for rapidly washing the blood out of an organ or tissue of the anaesthetized living animal. Journal of Physiology, 237, 11–12P.Google ScholarPubMed
Dobbing, J. (1974). The later development of the central nervous system and its vulnerability. In Scientific Foundations of Paediatrics, pp. 565–577. Edited by Davis, J. A. and Dobbing, J.. Heinemann: London.Google Scholar
Dowben, R. M. (1969). Biological Membranes. Little, Brown: Boston.Google Scholar
Eastham, R. D., and Janear, J. (1968). Clinical Pathology in Mental Retardation. Wright: Bristol.Google Scholar
Efron, M. L., Kang, E. S., Visakorpi, J., and Fellers, F. X. (1969). Effect of elevated plasma phenylalanine levels on other amino acids in phenylketonuric and normal subjects. Journal of Pediatrics, 74, 399–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guroff, C., and Udenfriend, S. (1962). Studies on aromatic amino acid uptake by rat brain in vivo: uptake of phenylalanine and of tryptophan; inhibition and stereoselectivity in the uptake of tyrosine by brain and muscle. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 237, 803–806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hommes, F. A., and Berg, C. J. van den (eds.) (1973). Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Academic Press: London.Google Scholar
Lajtha, A. (1964). Protein metabolism of the nervous system. International Review of Neurobiology, 6, 1–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahin, D. T., and Lof berg, R. T. (1966). A simplified method of sample preparation for determination of tritium, carbon-14, or sulfur-35 in blood or tissue by liquid scintillation counting. Analytical Biochemistry, 16, 500–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKean, C. M., Boggs, D. E., and Peterson, N. A. (1968). The influence of high phenylalanine and tyrosine on the concentrations of essential amino acids in brain. Journal of Neurochemistry, 15, 235–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neame, K. D. (1968a). A comparison of the transport systems for amino acids in brain, intestine, kidney and tumour. In Brain Barrier Systems. Edited by Lajtha, A. and Ford, D. H.. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 29, pp. 185–196. Elsevier: Amsterdam.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neame, K. D. (1968b). Transport, metabolism and pharmacology of amino acids in brain. In Applied Neurochemistry, pp. 119–177. Edited by Davison, A. N. and Dobbing, J.. Blackwell: Oxford.Google Scholar
Oldendorf, W. H. (1971). Brain uptake of radiolabeled amino acids, amines, and hexoses after arterial injection. American Journal of Physiology, 221, 1629–1639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pratt, O. E. (1974). An electronically controlled syringe drive for giving an injection at a variable rate according to a preset programme. Journal of Physiology, 237, 5–6P.Google Scholar
Richter, J. J., and Wainer, A. (1971). Evidence for separate systems for the transport of neutral and basic amino acids across the blood-brain barrier. Journal of Neurochemistry, 18, 613–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanbury, J. B., Wyngaarden, J. B., and Fredrickson, D. S. (eds.) (1972). The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 3rd edn.McGraw-Hill: New York.Google Scholar