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Hallucinations and two types of free-recall intrusion in schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2008

G. Brébion ,
A. S. David ,
R. A. Bressan ,
R. I. Ohlsen  and
L. S. Pilowsky
G. Brébion*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
A. S. David
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
R. A. Bressan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
R. I. Ohlsen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
L. S. Pilowsky
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr G. Brébion, Cognitive Psychopathology Unit, University of Liège, Boulevard du Rectorat B33, Liège 4000, Belgium. (Email: g.brebion@iop.kcl.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Background

Previous research has demonstrated that various types of verbal source memory error are associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, intrusions in free recall have been associated with hallucinations and delusions. We tested the hypothesis that extra-list intrusions, assumed to arise from poor monitoring of internally generated words, are associated with verbal hallucinations and that intra-list intrusions are associated with global hallucination scores.

Method

A sample of 41 patients with schizophrenia was administered four lists of words, followed by free recall. The number of correctly recalled words and the number of extra- and intra-list intrusions were tallied.

Results

The verbal hallucination score was significantly correlated with the number of extra-list intrusions, whereas it was unrelated to the number of correctly recalled words. The number of intra-list intrusions was significantly correlated with the global, but not with the verbal, hallucination score in the subsample of hallucinating patients. It was marginally significantly correlated with the delusion score in delusional patients.

Conclusions

The data corroborate the view that verbal hallucinations are linked to defective monitoring of internal speech, and that errors in context processing are involved in hallucinations and delusions.

Keywords

Hallucinationsintrusionsschizophreniasource memoryverbal memory
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 39 , Issue 6 , June 2009 , pp. 917 - 926
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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