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Familial clustering of psychiatric disorders and low IQ

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2021

Mark Weiser ,
Or Frenkel ,
Daphna Fenchel ,
Dorit Tzur ,
Sven Sandin ,
Magdalena Janecka ,
Linda Levi ,
Michael Davidson ,
Lucian Laor  and
Eyal Fruchter
...Show all authors
Mark Weiser*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Or Frenkel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
Daphna Fenchel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
Dorit Tzur
Affiliation:
Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force, Israel
Sven Sandin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Magdalena Janecka
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Linda Levi
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
Michael Davidson
Affiliation:
University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
Lucian Laor
Affiliation:
Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force, Israel
Eyal Fruchter
Affiliation:
Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force, Israel Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Abraham Reichenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Mark Weiser, E-mail: mweiser@netvision.net.il
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Abstract

Background

Although the ICD and DSM differentiate between different psychiatric disorders, these often share symptoms, risk factors, and treatments. This was a population-based, case–control, sibling study examining familial clustering of all psychiatric disorders and low IQ, using data from the Israel Draft-Board Registry on all Jewish adolescents assessed between 1998 and 2014.

Methods

We identified all cases with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, N = 2128), severe intellectual disability (ID, N = 9572), attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) (N = 3272), psychotic (N = 7902), mood (N = 9704), anxiety (N = 10 606), personality (N = 24 816), or substance/alcohol abuse (N = 791) disorders, and low IQ (⩾2 SDs below the population mean, N = 31 186). Non-CNS control disorders were adolescents with Type-1 diabetes (N = 2427), hernia (N = 29 558) or hematological malignancies (N = 931). Each case was matched with 10 age-matched controls selected at random from the Draft-Board Registry, with replacement, and for each case and matched controls, we ascertained all full siblings. The main outcome measure was the relative recurrence risk (RRR) of the sibling of a case having the same (within-disorder RRR) or a different (across-disorder RRR) disorder.

Results

Within-disorder RRRs were increased for all diagnostic categories, ranging from 11.53 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.23–14.40] for ASD to 2.93 (95% CI: 2.80–3.07) for personality disorders. The median across-disorder RRR between any pair of psychiatric disorders was 2.16 (95% CI: 1.45–2.43); the median RRR between low IQ and any psychiatric disorder was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.93–1.98). There was no consistent increase in across-disorder RRRs between the non-CNS disorders and psychiatric disorders and/or low IQ.

Conclusion

These large population-based study findings suggest shared etiologies among most psychiatric disorders, and low IQ.

Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 7 , May 2023 , pp. 2878 - 2884
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Copyright
Copyright © Sheba Medical Center, 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

Drs. Fruchter and Reichenberg serve as joint senior authors.

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