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Context and contact: a comparison of patient and family engagement with early intervention services for psychosis in India and Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2020

Srividya N. Iyer Open the ORCID record for Srividya N. Iyer [Opens in a new window] ,
Ashok Malla Open the ORCID record for Ashok Malla [Opens in a new window] ,
Aarati Taksal Open the ORCID record for Aarati Taksal [Opens in a new window] ,
Anika Maraj Open the ORCID record for Anika Maraj [Opens in a new window] ,
Greeshma Mohan Open the ORCID record for Greeshma Mohan [Opens in a new window] ,
Padmavati Ramachandran Open the ORCID record for Padmavati Ramachandran [Opens in a new window] ,
Howard C. Margolese Open the ORCID record for Howard C. Margolese [Opens in a new window] ,
Norbert Schmitz Open the ORCID record for Norbert Schmitz [Opens in a new window] ,
Ridha Joober Open the ORCID record for Ridha Joober [Opens in a new window]  and
Thara Rangaswamy Open the ORCID record for Thara Rangaswamy [Opens in a new window]
Srividya N. Iyer*
Affiliation:
Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ashok Malla
Affiliation:
Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Aarati Taksal
Affiliation:
Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Anika Maraj
Affiliation:
Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Greeshma Mohan
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Padmavati Ramachandran
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Howard C. Margolese
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis- McGill University Health Centre (PEPP-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Norbert Schmitz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ridha Joober
Affiliation:
Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Thara Rangaswamy
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
*
Author for correspondence: Srividya N. Iyer, E-mail: srividya.iyer@mcgill.ca
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Abstract

Background

It is unknown whether patient disengagement from early intervention services for psychosis is as prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India, as it is in high-income countries (HICs). Addressing this gap, we studied two first-episode psychosis programs in Montreal, Canada and Chennai, India. We hypothesized lower service disengagement among patients and higher engagement among families in Chennai, and that family engagement would mediate cross-site differences in patient disengagement.

Methods

Sites were compared on their 2-year patient disengagement and family engagement rates conducting time-to-event analyses and independent samples t tests on monthly contact data. Along with site and family involvement, Cox proportional hazards regression included known predictors of patient disengagement (e.g. gender).

Results

The study included data about 333 patients (165 in Montreal, 168 in Chennai) and their family members (156 in Montreal, 168 in Chennai). More Montreal patients (19%) disengaged before 24 months than Chennai patients (1%), χ2(1, N = 333) = 28.87, p < 0.001. Chennai families had more contact with clinicians throughout treatment (Cohen's d = −1.28). Family contact significantly predicted patient disengagement in Montreal (HR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.93). Unlike in Chennai, family contact declined over time in Montreal, with clinicians perceiving such contact as not necessary (Cohen's d = 1.73).

Conclusions

This is the first investigation of early psychosis service engagement across a HIC and an LMIC. Patient and family engagement was strikingly higher in Chennai. Maintaining family contact may benefit patient engagement, irrespective of context. Findings also suggest that differential service utilization may underpin cross-cultural variations in psychosis outcomes.

Keywords

Cultureearly interventionfamilyIndiapsychosisservice engagement
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 8 , June 2022 , pp. 1538 - 1547
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press.

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Footnotes

*

These authors have contributed equally to this work.

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